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      Toxic stress and burnout: John Henryism and social dominance in the laboratory and STEM workforce

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          ABSTRACT

          Persons Excluded from science because of Ethnicity and Race (PEERs) face chronic exposure to interpersonal stressors, such as social discrimination, throughout their scientific careers, leading to a long-term decline in physical and mental health. Many PEERs exhibit John Henryism, a coping mechanism to prolonged stress where an individual expends higher levels of effort and energy at the cost of their physical and mental health. In this article, we discuss how social dominance may increase John Henryism within the STEM community; the causes, effects and costs of John Henryism; and highlight solutions to combat these social adversity stressors within the academic institution.

          Abstract

          We discuss the effects, causes and solutions to combatting John Henryism within the STEM community.

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          Most cited references62

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          The impact of stress on body function: A review

          Habib Yaribeygi, Yunes Panahi, Hedayat Sahraei … (2017)
          Any intrinsic or extrinsic stimulus that evokes a biological response is known as stress. The compensatory responses to these stresses are known as stress responses. Based on the type, timing and severity of the applied stimulus, stress can exert various actions on the body ranging from alterations in homeostasis to life-threatening effects and death. In many cases, the pathophysiological complications of disease arise from stress and the subjects exposed to stress, e.g. those that work or live in stressful environments, have a higher likelihood of many disorders. Stress can be either a triggering or aggravating factor for many diseases and pathological conditions. In this study, we have reviewed some of the major effects of stress on the primary physiological systems of humans.
          Article 0 comments Cited 222 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            John Henryism and the health of African-Americans.

            Sherman James (1994)
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              Cortisol dysregulation: the bidirectional link between stress, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

              Joshua J Joseph, Sherita H. Golden (2017)
              Controversy exists over the role of stress and depression in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Depression has been shown to increase the risk for progressive insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in multiple studies, whereas the association of stress with diabetes is less clear, owing to differences in study designs and in forms and ascertainment of stress. The biological systems involved in adaptation that mediate the link between stress and physiological functions include the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous and immune systems. The HPA axis is a tightly regulated system that represents one of the body's mechanisms for responding to acute and chronic stress. Depression is associated with cross-sectional and longitudinal alterations in the diurnal cortisol curve, including a blunted cortisol awakening response and flattening of the diurnal cortisol curve. Flattening of the diurnal cortisol curve is also associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this article, we review and summarize the evidence supporting HPA axis dysregulation as an important biological link between stress, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
              Article 0 comments Cited 126 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Tiffany Rolle
                Zer Vue
                Sandra A Murray
                Salma Ash Shareef
                Haysetta D Shuler
                Heather K Beasley
                Andrea G Marshall
                Antentor Hinton Jr:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-952X
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pathog Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pathog Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): femspd
                Title: Pathogens and Disease
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Electronic): 2049-632X
                Publication date Collection: September 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 August 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 19 August 2021
                Volume: 79
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: ftab041
                Affiliations
                American Society of Human Genetics , Rockville, MD 20852, USA
                National Human Genome Research Institute , Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
                Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN 37232, USA
                Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
                Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
                Department of Biological Sciences, Winston-Salem State University , Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA
                Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN 37232, USA
                Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research , Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
                Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN 37232, USA
                Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN 37232, USA
                Hinton and Garza Lopez Family Consulting Company , Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt School of Medicine Basic Sciences The Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center 750 Robinson Research Building 2200 Pierce Ave Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA. E-mail: antentor.o.hinton.jr@ 123456vanderbilt.edu

                Tiffany Rolle and Zer Vue are Co-first Author

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-952X
                Article
                Publisher ID: ftab041
                DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab041
                PMC ID: 8435059
                PubMed ID: 34410372
                SO-VID: 15307204-7e62-48db-8962-1b1fc61e2454
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@ 123456oup.com

                History
                Date received : 17 June 2021
                Date accepted : 16 August 2021
                Page count
                Pages: 9
                Funding
                Funded by: NCI, DOI 10.13039/100000054;
                Award ID: 2U54CA 163069-07
                Award ID: R25 GM059994/GM/NIGMS
                Funded by: NSF, DOI 10.13039/100000001;
                Award ID: MCB- 2011577
                Award ID: T32 5T32GM133353
                Funded by: UNCFSP, DOI 10.13039/100000848;
                Award ID: 5R25HL106365-12
                Categories
                Subject: Commentary
                Subject: AcademicSubjects/SCI01150
                Subject: AcademicSubjects/MED00690

                Keywords: john henryism,persons excluded because of ethnicity or race (peers),dr sherman james,stem workforce,stress,social discrimination
                Data availability:
                Keywords: john henryism, persons excluded because of ethnicity or race (peers), dr sherman james, stem workforce, stress, social discrimination

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