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      CXCL2 acts as a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltrates in stomach adenocarcinoma

      research-article
      Author(s): , Master a , , Master a , , Master a , , Master a , , Master a , , Master a , * ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Medicine
      Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
      Keywords: bioinformatics analysis, biomarker, CXCL2, immune infiltrate, STAD

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          Background:

          STAD ranked 5th most common in the incidence of malignant tumors and 3rd most common in the death rate of cancer worldwide. CXC chemokines affect the biological progress of various tumors, resulting in therapeutic failure. The role of CXCL2 in STAD was still a mystery.

          Methods:

          The expression, prognostic value, and clinical function of CXCL2 were analyzed using several online bioinformatics tools and clinical tissues.

          Results:

          CXCL2 level was significantly upregulated in STAD tissues. Strong correlation was obtained between CXCL2 level and immune cells as well as immune biomarkers. High CXCL2 expression in STAD was correlated with a favorable prognosis. Further analysis revealed that CXCL2, pTNM stage and age were independent factors affecting the prognosis of STAD patients. A predictive nomogram indicated that the calibration plots for the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS rates were predicted relatively well compared with an ideal model in the entire cohort. Validation analysis revealed that CXCL2 expression was upregulated in STAD and high CXCL2 level had a better overall survival. CXCL2 was associated with resistance to numerous drugs or small molecules in STAD.

          Conclusions:

          We identified CXCL2 as a novel therapeutic target and associated with immune infiltration in STAD.

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          Most cited references32

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          Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries

          Ahmedin Jemal, Lindsey A Torre, Rebecca Siegel … (2018)
          This article provides a status report on the global burden of cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of the total cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal cancer (9.2%), stomach cancer (8.2%), and liver cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high-quality cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence-based cancer control programs, are not available in most low- and middle-income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1-31. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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            TIMER: A Web Server for Comprehensive Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells.

            Taiwen Li, Jingyu Fan, Binbin Wang … (2017)
            Recent clinical successes of cancer immunotherapy necessitate the investigation of the interaction between malignant cells and the host immune system. However, elucidation of complex tumor-immune interactions presents major computational and experimental challenges. Here, we present Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER; cistrome.shinyapps.io/timer) to comprehensively investigate molecular characterization of tumor-immune interactions. Levels of six tumor-infiltrating immune subsets are precalculated for 10,897 tumors from 32 cancer types. TIMER provides 6 major analytic modules that allow users to interactively explore the associations between immune infiltrates and a wide spectrum of factors, including gene expression, clinical outcomes, somatic mutations, and somatic copy number alterations. TIMER provides a user-friendly web interface for dynamic analysis and visualization of these associations, which will be of broad utilities to cancer researchers. Cancer Res; 77(21); e108-10. ©2017 AACR.
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              Gastric cancer

              Elizabeth Smyth, Magnus Nilsson, Heike I Grabsch … (2020)
              Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer death globally. Risk factors for the condition include Helicobacter pylori infection, age, high salt intake, and diets low in fruit and vegetables. Gastric cancer is diagnosed histologically after endoscopic biopsy and staged using CT, endoscopic ultrasound, PET, and laparoscopy. It is a molecularly and phenotypically highly heterogeneous disease. The main treatment for early gastric cancer is endoscopic resection. Non-early operable gastric cancer is treated with surgery, which should include D2 lymphadenectomy (including lymph node stations in the perigastric mesentery and along the celiac arterial branches). Perioperative or adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with stage 1B or higher cancers. Advanced gastric cancer is treated with sequential lines of chemotherapy, starting with a platinum and fluoropyrimidine doublet in the first line; median survival is less than 1 year. Targeted therapies licensed to treat gastric cancer include trastuzumab (HER2-positive patients first line), ramucirumab (anti-angiogenic second line), and nivolumab or pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 third line).
              Article 0 comments Cited 1540 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jingxin Zhang
                Wenji Hou
                Junbo Zuo
                Zhenhua Huang
                Xin Ding
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Medicine (Baltimore)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Medicine (Baltimore)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): MD
                Title: Medicine
                Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Hagerstown, MD )
                ISSN (Print): 0025-7974
                ISSN (Electronic): 1536-5964
                Publication date Collection: 21 October 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 October 2022
                Volume: 101
                Issue: 42
                Electronic Location Identifier: e31096
                Affiliations
                [a ] Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
                Author notes
                *Correspondence: Xuefeng Bu, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China (e-mail: Xuefengbu05@ 123456163.com ).
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2206-895X
                Article
                Accession ID: 00094
                DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031096
                PMC ID: 9592451
                PubMed ID: 36281171
                SO-VID: 15020702-0ab3-42d1-afb3-216a1b18b18a
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 29 June 2022
                Date received : 09 September 2022
                Date accepted : 13 September 2022
                Categories
                Subject: 5700
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Clinical Trial/Experimental Study
                Custom metadata
                OPEN-ACCESS TRUE

                Keywords: bioinformatics analysis,biomarker,cxcl2,immune infiltrate,stad
                Data availability:
                Keywords: bioinformatics analysis, biomarker, cxcl2, immune infiltrate, stad

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