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      Effects of Artesunate Tablet on Immune Activation and Reconstitution Among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Patients with Incomplete Immune Responses.

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          Abstract

          The level of T cell activation is a better predictor of CD4+ T cell depletion in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) patients than viral load. Artesunate is an artemisinin derivative that has an immunomodulatory effect. This study investigated whether artesunate tablet reduces T cell activation and improves immune reconstitution among patients with suboptimal immune recovery despite receiving long-term effective HAART. This was a randomized prospective parallel open-label trial consisting of 45 participants whose plasma HIV load was effectively suppressed by HAART for >18 months and who had CD4+ T cell counts of <300 cells/μL or an increase of <20% from baseline. The patients were randomized 2:1 into the artesunate group or the control group and received artesunate tablets (orally, 50 mg two times daily) combined with HAART or HAART alone, respectively. T cell subsets, activation markers, clinical symptoms, viral load, and side effects were assessed. By 48 weeks, artesunate tablet did not improve CD4+ T cell recovery or reduce the activation of T cell subsets but induced in a smaller decline in the expression of T cell activation markers among HAART patients with incomplete immune responses. However, artesunate tablet did appear to reduce the level of T cell apoptosis. One subject developed moderate anemia. Long-term use of artesunate tablet is unlikely to produce substantial clinical benefits in patients receiving HAART who exhibit an incomplete immune response.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
          AIDS research and human retroviruses
          Mary Ann Liebert Inc
          1931-8405
          0889-2229
          Feb 2022
          : 38
          : 2
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Artemisia annua Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
          [2 ] Chinese Medicine Research Center for AIDS Prevention and Treatment, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
          [3 ] Hepatology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
          Article
          10.1089/AID.2020.0254
          33913736
          143c8a03-2e28-4298-b63d-089a779fb064
          History

          artesunate,T cell activation,T cell apoptosis,immune reconstitution,HIV

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