Functional characterization in Xenopus oocytes of Na+ transport systems from durum wheat reveals diversity among two HKT1;4 transporters – ScienceOpen
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      Functional characterization in Xenopus oocytes of Na + transport systems from durum wheat reveals diversity among two HKT1;4 transporters

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          Abstract

          HKT1;4 was linked to a salt tolerance QTL in wheat. Here, two wheat HKT1;4-type transporters were functionally characterised in Xenopus oocytes. Beside shared properties, differences in Na + transport affinity were evidenced. Such functional diversity sheds light on the QTL bases

          Abstract

          Plant tolerance to salinity constraint involves complex and integrated functions including control of Na + uptake, translocation, and compartmentalization. Several members of the high-affinity K + transporter (HKT) family, which comprises plasma-membrane transporters permeable to K + and Na + or to Na + only, have been shown to play major roles in plant Na + and K + homeostasis. Among them, HKT1;4 has been identified as corresponding to a quantitative trait locus (QTL) of salt tolerance in wheat but was not functionally characterized. Here, we isolated two HKT1;4-type cDNAs from a salt-tolerant durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) cultivar, Om Rabia3, and investigated the functional properties of the encoded transporters using a two-electrode voltage-clamp technique, after expression in Xenopus oocytes. Both transporters displayed high selectivity for Na +, their permeability to other monovalent cations (K + , Li + , Cs + , and Rb + ) being ten times lower than that to Na + . Both TdHKT1;4-1 and TdHKT1;4-2 transported Na + with low affinity, although the half-saturation of the conductance was observed at a Na + concentration four times lower in TdHKT1;4-1 than in TdHKT1;4-2. External K + did not inhibit Na + transport through these transporters. Quinine slightly inhibited TdHKT1;4-2 but not TdHKT1;4-1. Overall, these data identified TdHKT1;4 transporters as new Na +-selective transporters within the HKT family, displaying their own functional features. Furthermore, they showed that important differences in affinity exist among durum wheat HKT1;4 transporters. This suggests that the salt tolerance QTL involving HKT1;4 may be at least in part explained by functional variability among wheat HKT1;4-type transporters.

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          Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance.

          Early studies on plant polyamine research pointed to their involvement in responses to different environmental stresses. During the last few years, genetic, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches have unravelled key functions of different polyamines in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which polyamines control plant responses to stress stimuli are largely unknown. Recent studies indicate that polyamine signalling is involved in direct interactions with different metabolic routes and intricate hormonal cross-talks. Here we discuss the integration of polyamines with other metabolic pathways by focusing on molecular mechanisms of their action in abiotic stress tolerance. Recent advances in the cross talk between polyamines and abscisic acid are discussed and integrated with processes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, generation of nitric oxide, modulation of ion channel activities and Ca(2+) homeostasis, amongst others.
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            Salt tolerance conferred by overexpression of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport in Arabidopsis.

            Agricultural productivity is severely affected by soil salinity. One possible mechanism by which plants could survive salt stress is to compartmentalize sodium ions away from the cytosol. Overexpression of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport from Arabidopsis thaliana in Arabidopsis plants promotes sustained growth and development in soil watered with up to 200 millimolar sodium chloride. This salinity tolerance was correlated with higher-than-normal levels of AtNHX1 transcripts, protein, and vacuolar Na+/H+ (sodium/proton) antiport activity. These results demonstrate the feasibility of engineering salt tolerance in plants.
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              World salinization with emphasis on Australia.

              Salinization is the accumulation of water-soluble salts in the soil solum or regolith to a level that impacts on agricultural production, environmental health, and economic welfare. Salt-affected soils occur in more than 100 countries of the world with a variety of extents, nature, and properties. No climatic zone in the world is free from salinization, although the general perception is focused on arid and semi-arid regions. Salinization is a complex process involving the movement of salts and water in soils during seasonal cycles and interactions with groundwater. While rainfall, aeolian deposits, mineral weathering, and stored salts are the sources of salts, surface and groundwaters can redistribute the accumulated salts and may also provide additional sources. Sodium salts dominate in many saline soils of the world, but salts of other cations such as calcium, magnesium, and iron are also found in specific locations. Different types of salinization with a prevalence of sodium salts affect about 30% of the land area in Australia. While more attention is given to groundwater-associated salinity and irrigation salinity, which affects about 16% of the agricultural area, recent investigations suggest that 67% of the agricultural area has a potential for "transient salinity", a type of non-groundwater-associated salinity. Agricultural soils in Australia, being predominantly sodic, accumulate salts under seasonal fluctuations and have multiple subsoil constraints such as alkalinity, acidity, sodicity, and toxic ions. This paper examines soil processes that dictate the exact edaphic environment upon which root functions depend and can help in research on plant improvement.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Exp Bot
                J. Exp. Bot
                jexbot
                jexbot
                Journal of Experimental Botany
                Oxford University Press (UK )
                0022-0957
                1460-2431
                January 2014
                5 November 2013
                5 November 2013
                : 65
                : 1
                : 213-222
                Affiliations
                1Plant Protection and Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax , B.P. ‘1177’ 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
                2Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/ 386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2 , Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
                Author notes
                * Present address: International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), P.O. Box 14660, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
                † To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: very@ 123456supagro.inra.fr
                Article
                10.1093/jxb/ert361
                3883290
                24192995
                13f11365-e316-4bad-a47b-ff68fbac3720
                © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 10
                Categories
                Research Paper

                Plant science & Botany
                xenopus oocyte.,durum wheat,electrophysiology,hkt1;4,salt tolerance,sodium transport

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