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      Shear bond strength evaluation of metallic brackets bonded to a CAD/CAM PMMA material compared to traditional prosthetic temporary materials: an in vitro study

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          ABSTRACT

          Introduction:

          Orthodontic treatment for adults is currently increasing, and therefore the need to bond brackets to restorations and temporary crowns. The use of CAD/CAM PMMA provisional restorations for orthodontic purposes have not yet been described, and there is currently insufficient information regarding the strength of bracket adhesion.

          Objective:

          This study aimed at evaluating the effects of thermocycling (TC) and surface treatment on shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets to different provisional materials.

          Methods:

          Forty specimens were made from each material [PMMA (Telio Lab), bis-acryl (Telio CS C&B), and PMMA CAD/CAM (Telio CAD)], sandpapered, and divided according to surface treatment (pumiced or sandblasted) and TC (half of the samples = 1,000 cycles, 5°C/55°C water baths) (n = 10/group). Stainless-steel brackets were bonded to the specimens (using Transbond XT), and SBS testing was performed. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and LSD post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). Failure types were classified with adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores.

          Results:

          SBS values ranged from 1.5 to 14.9 MPa. Sandblasted bis-acryl and sandblasted auto-curing PMMA groups presented similar values ( p> 0.05), higher than the CAD/CAM material ( p< 0.05), with or without TC. When thermocycled, pumiced bis-acryl showed higher SBS than pumiced acrylic ( p= 0.005) and CAD/CAM materials ( p= 0.000), with statistical difference ( p= 0.009). TC showed negative effect ( p< 0.05) for sandblasted bis-acryl and pumiced acrylic groups. ARI predominant score was mostly zero (0) for CAD/CAM, 1 and 2 for bis-acryl, and 1 for acrylic groups.

          Conclusion:

          In general, bis-acryl material showed the highest SBS values, followed by acrylic and CAD/CAM materials, which showed SBS values lower than an optimum strength for bonding brackets.

          RESUMO

          Introdução:

          Atualmente, a demanda por tratamento ortodôntico em adultos tem aumentado. Consequentemente, também tem aumentado a necessidade de se colar braquetes em restaurações e coroas provisórias. O uso de restaurações provisórias de PMMA CAD/CAM com finalidade ortodôntica ainda não foi descrito e, até a presente data, não há informação suficiente sobre a resistência da colagem dos braquetes a esse tipo de material.

          Objetivo:

          O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da termociclagem (TC) e do tratamento de superfície sobre a resistência da colagem ao cisalhamento (RC) de braquetes colados em diferentes materiais provisórios.

          Métodos:

          Quarenta espécimes foram confeccionados de cada material: resina acrílica PMMA (Telio Lab), resina bisacrílica (Telio CS C&B), e PMMA CAD/CAM (Telio CAD). Em seguida, foram lixados e divididos de acordo com o tratamento de superfície (polidos ou jateados) e TC (metade da amostra - 1.000 ciclos de imersão em água a 5°C e 55°C) (n = 10/grupo). Braquetes de aço inoxidável foram colados aos espécimes (utilizando Transbond XT) e realizou-se o teste de RC. As informações foram analisadas por meio dos testes ANOVA de três vias e post-hoc LSD (α?#8197;= 0,05). Os tipos de falha foram classificados de acordo com os escores do índice de adesivo remanescente (ARI).

          Resultados:

          Os valores de RC variaram de 1,5 a 14,9 MPa. Os grupos de resina bisacrílica jateada e de PMMA autopolimerizável jateado apresentaram valores semelhantes ( p> 0,05), superiores ao do material CAD/CAM ( p< 0,05) com ou sem TC. Quando submetido à TC, o grupo de resina bisacrílica polida apresentou resistência ao cisalhamento maior do que os grupos de resina acrílica polida ( p= 0,005) e do material CAD/CAM ( p= 0,000), com diferença estatística ( p= 0,009). A TC apresentou efeito negativo ( p< 0,05) para os grupos de resina bisacrílica jateada e de resina acrílica polida. O escore ARI = 0 foi predominante para o grupo CAD/CAM; os escores 1 e 2, para o grupo resina bisacrílica; e o escore 1, para o grupo resina acrílica.

          Conclusão:

          De forma geral, a resina bisacrílica apresentou os maiores valores de RC, seguida da resina acrílica e do material CAD/CAM, que apresentaram valores de RC inferiores à força recomendada para colagem de braquetes.

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          Most cited references29

          • Record: found
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          A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces.

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            Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment.

            It has been claimed that different ion solutions containing sulfate induce crystal growth and might be a better alternative than conventional acid etching for enamel pretreatment in bracket bonding. It should thus combine optimal bond strength with easy and quick debonding. Two clinical experiments were performed to test this hypothesis. The first experiment dealt with the debonding procedure. Following conditioning with dilute sulfuric acid which contained sodium sulfate (to be termed solution A) on one side of the mouth and etching with 37% phosphoric acid on the other, brackets were bonded on the maxillary and mandibular incisors of twenty dental nurse students. Debracketing and a subsequent cleanup procedure were performed after 2 days. The mode of loosening was mainly between the enamel surface and adhesive on the crystal-growth-conditioned teeth and between the bracket mesh and adhesive on the teeth etched with phosphoric acid. This difference in mode of loosening was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). In the second experiment, which dealt with the clinical bond strength, 250 brackets were bonded in forty patients. One side served as a control and was conventionally acid etched. On the experimental side conditioning was done with solution A in thirty patients. In ten patients, 10% phosphoric acid was added to the dilute sulfuric acid used (to be termed solution B). Failure rates and modes of failure were recorded for a 6-month period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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              A review of direct orthodontic bonding

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Dental Press J Orthod
                Dental Press J Orthod
                dpjo
                Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics
                Dental Press International
                2176-9451
                2177-6709
                May-Jun 2020
                May-Jun 2020
                : 25
                : 3
                : 31-38
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Los Andes, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials (Santiago, Chile).
                [2 ] Universidad de Los Andes, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Santiago, Chile).
                Author notes
                Contact address: Gonzalo Andrés Garcés Av. Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo, 12455, Santiago, Chile E-mail: gagarces@ 123456miuandes.cl

                Conception or design of the study: VHR, CB, CSS. Data acquisition, analysis or interpretation: GAG, VHR, CB, CSS. Writing the article: CSS. Critical revision of the article: GAG, VHR, CB, CSS. Final approval of the article: GAG, VHR, CB, CSS. Obtained funding: CB. Overall responsibility: GAG, VHR, CB, CSS.

                [»]

                The authors report no commercial, proprietary or financial interest in the products or companies described in this article.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-650X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7653-8681
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-3587
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-7684
                Article
                10.1590/2177-6709.25.3.031-038.oar
                7437152
                32844970
                13eca30e-4297-4578-946e-d212b331050b

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 11 September 2018
                : 06 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Original Article

                air abrasion,bonding agents,cad/cam,orthodontics,acrylic resins

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