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      Unraveling the effect of gender dimensions and wood fuel usage on household food security: evidence from Ghana

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          Abstract

          Food security discussions have heightened particularly with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 which focuses on hunger and malnutrition. This study investigates gender dimensions of food security and examines the role of wood fuel on households’ food security in Ghana. Data from the most recent round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS VII, 2016/2017) were used for this investigation. By employing the Exogeneous Switching Treatment Effect Regression to analyze food security, it was found that significant heterogeneities exist among different gender groups. The largest differences exist between male headed households and de jure female headed households. Further, this study finds that among female headed households, there remain substantial differences in food security. Wood fuel usage, household size and residing in the northern part of the country were found to reduce food security among households while education and income increase household food security. These findings are important for enhanced policy targeting to address food insecurity.

          Abstract

          Food security; Exogenous switching; Ghana; de jure FHHs; de facto FHHs.

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          Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries

          Robert E Black, Cesar G Victora, Susan P. Walker … (2013)
          The Lancet, 382(9890), 427-451
          Article 0 comments Cited 2845 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Malnutrition among children under the age of five in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): does geographic location matter?

            Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, Tumwaka P Madungu, Jacques BO Emina … (2011)
            Background Although there are inequalities in child health and survival in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the influence of distal determinants such as geographic location on children's nutritional status is still unclear. We investigate the impact of geographic location on child nutritional status by mapping the residual net effect of malnutrition while accounting for important risk factors. Methods We examine spatial variation in under-five malnutrition with flexible geo-additive semi-parametric mixed model while simultaneously controlling for spatial dependence and possibly nonlinear effects of covariates within a simultaneous, coherent regression framework based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. Individual data records were constructed for children. Each record represents a child and consists of nutritional status information and a list of covariates. For the 8,992 children born within the last five years before the survey, 3,663 children have information on anthropometric measures. Our novel empirical approach is able to flexibly determine to what extent the substantial spatial pattern of malnutrition is driven by detectable factors such as socioeconomic factors and can be attributable to unmeasured factors such as conflicts, political, environmental and cultural factors. Results Although childhood malnutrition was more pronounced in all provinces of the DRC, after accounting for the location's effects, geographic differences were significant: malnutrition was significantly higher in rural areas compared to urban centres and this difference persisted after multiple adjustments. The findings suggest that models of nutritional intervention must be carefully specified with regard to residential location. Conclusion Childhood malnutrition is spatially structured and rates remain very high in the provinces that rely on the mining industry and comparable to the level seen in Eastern provinces under conflicts. Even in provinces such as Bas-Congo that produce foods, childhood malnutrition is higher probably because of the economic decision to sell more than the population consumes. Improving maternal and child nutritional status is a prerequisite for achieving MDG 4, to reduce child mortality rate in the DRC.
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              The Role of Agriculture in Ensuring Food Security in Developing Countries: Considerations in the Context of the Problem of Sustainable Food Production

              Karolina Pawlak, Małgorzata Kołodziejczak (2020)
              Ensuring food security has become an issue of key importance to countries with different degrees of economic development, while the agricultural sector plays a strategic role in improving food availability. The aim of this paper is to identify relationships between the undernourishment scale and selected characteristics describing the agricultural sector within identified clusters of developing countries. Typological groups of countries were separated using Ward’s method. It results from the analyses that the greatest problems with maintaining food security are observed in the developing countries with a high share of agriculture in their Gross Domestic Product (GDP), adverse conditions hindering agricultural production and deficient infrastructure. Based on research results desirable and tailored strategies for food security improvement in individual clusters were developed. Promoting investments in agricultural infrastructure and extension services along with adopting measures aimed at increasing the households’ purchasing power, especially those in rural areas, appear to be key drivers for improving both food availability and food access. The paper focuses not only on identifying the reasons of undernourishment, but also contributes to recognition of the most effective ways to solve the hunger problem under a country’s unique conditions. It offers a comprehensive perspective for the policy formulation in various areas world-wide, which may be of interest to scholars and policy makers.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Kwame Adjei-Mantey
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Heliyon
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Heliyon
                Title: Heliyon
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2405-8440
                Publication date PMC-release: 27 October 2022
                Publication date Collection: November 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 October 2022
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: e11268
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Sustainable Energy and Resources, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Ghana
                [b ]School of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
                [c ]Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
                [d ]Environment and Natural Resource Research Initiative (ENRRI-EfD Ghana), Accra, Ghana
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. kadjei-mantey@ 123456uesd.edu.gh
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2405-8440(22)02556-7 Publisher ID: e11268
                DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11268
                PMC ID: 9636557
                SO-VID: 13a5f31f-fdb7-4e89-b2cc-de7652c2bd1b
                Copyright © © 2022 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 29 November 2021
                Date revision received : 4 April 2022
                Date accepted : 20 October 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: food security,exogenous switching,ghana,de jure fhhs,de facto fhhs
                Data availability:
                Keywords: food security, exogenous switching, ghana, de jure fhhs, de facto fhhs

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