Self-efficacy and healthy lifestyle behaviors as mediators between COVID-19 care knowledge and health status – ScienceOpen
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      Self-efficacy and healthy lifestyle behaviors as mediators between COVID-19 care knowledge and health status

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          Abstract

          The COVID-19 epidemic has affected the psychological well-being and daily life of college students, leading to a decrease in their quality of life. Health status can be influenced by a variety of factors. This study aims to assess the current health status of university students and explore the relationships among COVID-19 care knowledge, self-efficacy, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and health status and how these factors are influenced. Among the 1694 participants, 49.4% were male, 50.6% were female, and 82.2% were freshmen. The results revealed that health status across all dimensions decreased to some extent. COVID-19 care knowledge affected both physical and mental component summaries. The results suggest that improving COVID-19 care knowledge, strengthening self-efficacy, and promoting the development of healthy lifestyle behaviors can positively impact their health status. Here, we explore the health status of college students with COVID-19 infection and the factors and mechanisms that influence it to guide health interventions to better meet the challenges posed by future outbreaks.

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          The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions

          Background Improving the design and implementation of evidence-based practice depends on successful behaviour change interventions. This requires an appropriate method for characterising interventions and linking them to an analysis of the targeted behaviour. There exists a plethora of frameworks of behaviour change interventions, but it is not clear how well they serve this purpose. This paper evaluates these frameworks, and develops and evaluates a new framework aimed at overcoming their limitations. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases and consultation with behaviour change experts were used to identify frameworks of behaviour change interventions. These were evaluated according to three criteria: comprehensiveness, coherence, and a clear link to an overarching model of behaviour. A new framework was developed to meet these criteria. The reliability with which it could be applied was examined in two domains of behaviour change: tobacco control and obesity. Results Nineteen frameworks were identified covering nine intervention functions and seven policy categories that could enable those interventions. None of the frameworks reviewed covered the full range of intervention functions or policies, and only a minority met the criteria of coherence or linkage to a model of behaviour. At the centre of a proposed new framework is a 'behaviour system' involving three essential conditions: capability, opportunity, and motivation (what we term the 'COM-B system'). This forms the hub of a 'behaviour change wheel' (BCW) around which are positioned the nine intervention functions aimed at addressing deficits in one or more of these conditions; around this are placed seven categories of policy that could enable those interventions to occur. The BCW was used reliably to characterise interventions within the English Department of Health's 2010 tobacco control strategy and the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence's guidance on reducing obesity. Conclusions Interventions and policies to change behaviour can be usefully characterised by means of a BCW comprising: a 'behaviour system' at the hub, encircled by intervention functions and then by policy categories. Research is needed to establish how far the BCW can lead to more efficient design of effective interventions.
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            The Health Belief Model: a decade later.

            Since the last comprehensive review in 1974, the Health Belief Model (HBM) has continued to be the focus of considerable theoretical and research attention. This article presents a critical review of 29 HBM-related investigations published during the period of 1974-1984, tabulates the findings from 17 studies conducted prior to 1974, and provides a summary of the total 46 HBM studies (18 prospective, 28 retrospective). Twenty-four studies examined preventive-health behaviors (PHB), 19 explored sick-role behaviors (SRB), and three addressed clinic utilization. A "significance ratio" was constructed which divides the number of positive, statistically-significant findings for an HBM dimension by the total number of studies reporting significance levels for that dimension. Summary results provide substantial empirical support for the HBM, with findings from prospective studies at least as favorable as those obtained from retrospective research. "Perceived barriers" proved to be the most powerful of the HBM dimensions across the various study designs and behaviors. While both were important overall, "perceived susceptibility" was a stronger contributor to understanding PHB than SRB, while the reverse was true for "perceived benefits." "Perceived severity" produced the lowest overall significance ratios; however, while only weakly associated with PHB, this dimension was strongly related to SRB. On the basis of the evidence compiled, it is recommended that consideration of HBM dimensions be a part of health education programming. Suggestions are offered for further research.
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              The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change

              The transtheoretical model posits that health behavior change involves progress through six stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Ten processes of change have been identified for producing progress along with decisional balance, self-efficacy, and temptations. Basic research has generated a rule of thumb for at-risk populations: 40% in precontemplation, 40% in contemplation, and 20% in preparation. Across 12 health behaviors, consistent patterns have been found between the pros and cons of changing and the stages of change. Applied research has demonstrated dramatic improvements in recruitment, retention, and progress using stage-matched interventions and proactive recruitment procedures. The most promising outcomes to data have been found with computer-based individualized and interactive interventions. The most promising enhancement to the computer-based programs are personalized counselors. One of the most striking results to date for stage-matched programs is the similarity between participants reactively recruited who reached us for help and those proactively recruited who we reached out to help. If results with stage-matched interventions continue to be replicated, health promotion programs will be able to produce unprecedented impacts on entire at-risk populations.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                yinhr@jlu.edu.cn
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                28 December 2024
                28 December 2024
                2024
                : 14
                : 30980
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Jilin University School of Nursing, ( https://ror.org/00js3aw79) No. 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
                [2 ]Jilin University College of Software, ( https://ror.org/00js3aw79) Changchun, China
                [3 ]Jilin University Physical Education College, ( https://ror.org/00js3aw79) Changchun, China
                [4 ]The First Hospital of Jilin University, ( https://ror.org/034haf133) Changchun, China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6856-8274
                Article
                82099
                10.1038/s41598-024-82099-y
                11680594
                39730761
                1346b698-b5b6-4c63-9a30-a0ec6637dd7b
                © The Author(s) 2024

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

                History
                : 25 January 2024
                : 2 December 2024
                Funding
                Funded by: Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University
                Award ID: 2023CX224
                Funded by: Research Program on Teaching Reform of Graduate Education at Jilin University
                Award ID: 2022JGP017
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Nature Limited 2024

                Uncategorized
                covid-19 care knowledge,healthy lifestyle behaviors,health status,self-efficacy,medical research,epidemiology

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