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      Association between breakfast patterns and executive function among adolescents in Shanghai, China

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between breakfast patterns and executive function among adolescents in Shanghai, China.

          Methods

          In 2022, we randomly recruited 3,012 adolescents aged 12–13 years from all administrative districts in Shanghai. Breakfast information was collected by parents using a one-day recall method. Executive function was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Parent Version. Latent Class Analysis was performed to identify breakfast patterns based on the food groups in the Diet Quality Questionnaire for China.

          Results

          Breakfast patterns were classified into three categories: “Egg and milk foods”, “Grain foods”, and “Abundant foods”, except for adolescents who skipped breakfast. Logistic regression was used to estimate the multivariate odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between breakfast patterns and potential executive dysfunction. Adolescents in the “Abundant foods” class had a lower risk of executive dysfunction in terms of initiate (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.17–0.76), and organization of materials (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04–0.94), compared to those who skipped breakfast. Similarly, the breakfast patterns of “Grain foods” and “Egg and milk foods” were associated with a lower risk of executive dysfunction, including initiate and working memory.

          Discussion

          Our findings suggest that breakfast patterns were associated with executive function. The improvement of breakfast patterns among adolescents should be a significant public health intervention.

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          Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing

          George C Patton, Susan Sawyer, John S Santelli … (2016)
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            National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary

            Max Hirshkowitz, Kaitlyn Whiton, Steven M. Albert … (2015)
            The objective was to conduct a scientifically rigorous update to the National Sleep Foundation's sleep duration recommendations.
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              A developmental perspective on executive function.

              John R. Best, Patricia Miller (2010)
              This review article examines theoretical and methodological issues in the construction of a developmental perspective on executive function (EF) in childhood and adolescence. Unlike most reviews of EF, which focus on preschoolers, this review focuses on studies that include large age ranges. It outlines the development of the foundational components of EF-inhibition, working memory, and shifting. Cognitive and neurophysiological assessments show that although EF emerges during the first few years of life, it continues to strengthen significantly throughout childhood and adolescence. The components vary somewhat in their developmental trajectories. The article relates the findings to long-standing issues of development (e.g., developmental sequences, trajectories, and processes) and suggests research needed for constructing a developmental framework encompassing early childhood through adolescence. © 2010 The Authors. Child Development © 2010 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.
              Article 0 comments Cited 559 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xuelai Wang: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2609550/overviewRole: Role: Role:
                Shuangxiao Qu: Role: Role: Role:
                Dongling Yang: Role: Role: Role:
                Wenjuan Qi: Role: Role:
                Fengyun Zhang: Role: Role: Role:
                Rong Zhu: Role: Role: Role:
                Lijing Sun: Role: Role:
                Qiong Yan: Role: Role:
                Yue Qi: Role: Role:
                Guizhen Yue: Role: Role:
                Cancan Yin: Role: Role:
                Chunyan Luo: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Nutr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Nutr
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Nutr.
                Title: Frontiers in Nutrition
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2296-861X
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 May 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1373129
                Affiliations
                Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shanghai, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Tobias Otterbring, University of Agder, Norway

                Reviewed by: Cunjian Bi, Chizhou University, China

                Jia Zhao, Southwest University, China

                Stacey Finkelstein, Stony Brook University, United States

                *Correspondence: Chunyan Luo, luochunyan@ 123456scdc.sh.cn

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1373129
                PMC ID: 11132186
                PubMed ID: 38807645
                SO-VID: 13372fd9-a715-479a-8ab3-b631cd785666
                Copyright © Copyright © 2024 Wang, Qu, Yang, Qi, Zhang, Zhu, Sun, Yan, Qi, Yue, Yin and Luo.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 19 January 2024
                Date accepted : 23 April 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Equations: 1, References: 49, Pages: 10, Words: 6955
                Funding
                The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by National Social Science Foundation of China (22BTY105).
                Categories
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Original Research
                Custom metadata
                section-at-acceptance Nutrition, Psychology and Brain Health

                Keywords: breakfast patterns,skipping breakfast,adolescents,executive function,latent class analysis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: breakfast patterns, skipping breakfast, adolescents, executive function, latent class analysis

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