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      Commercial hydrogels for biomedical applications

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          Abstract

          Hydrogels are polymeric networks having the ability to absorb a large volume of water. Flexibility, versatility, stimuli-responsive, soft structure are the advantages of hydrogels. It is classified based on its source, preparation, ionic charge, response, crosslinking and physical properties. Hydrogels are used in various fields like agriculture, food industry, biosensor, biomedical, etc. Even though hydrogels are used in various industries, more researches are going in the field of biomedical applications because of its resembles to living tissue, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Here, we are mainly focused on the commercially available hydrogels used for biomedical applications like wound dressings, contact lenses, cosmetic applications, tissue engineering, and drug delivery.

          Abstract

          Materials science; Biomedical engineering; Nanotechnology; Biotechnology; Hydrogels; Biomedical applications; Commercial products

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          Most cited references80

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          Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery

          Hydrogel delivery systems can leverage therapeutically beneficial outcomes of drug delivery and have found clinical use. Hydrogels can provide spatial and temporal control over the release of various therapeutic agents, including small-molecule drugs, macromolecular drugs and cells. Owing to their tunable physical properties, controllable degradability and capability to protect labile drugs from degradation, hydrogels serve as a platform in which various physiochemical interactions with the encapsulated drugs control their release. In this Review, we cover multiscale mechanisms underlying the design of hydrogel drug delivery systems, focusing on physical and chemical properties of the hydrogel network and the hydrogel-drug interactions across the network, mesh, and molecular (or atomistic) scales. We discuss how different mechanisms interact and can be integrated to exert fine control in time and space over the drug presentation. We also collect experimental release data from the literature, review clinical translation to date of these systems, and present quantitative comparisons between different systems to provide guidelines for the rational design of hydrogel delivery systems.
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            Hydrogels for tissue engineering.

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              Scaffolding in tissue engineering: general approaches and tissue-specific considerations.

              B Chan, K Leong (2008)
              Scaffolds represent important components for tissue engineering. However, researchers often encounter an enormous variety of choices when selecting scaffolds for tissue engineering. This paper aims to review the functions of scaffolds and the major scaffolding approaches as important guidelines for selecting scaffolds and discuss the tissue-specific considerations for scaffolding, using intervertebral disc as an example.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Heliyon
                Heliyon
                Heliyon
                Elsevier
                2405-8440
                07 April 2020
                April 2020
                07 April 2020
                : 6
                : 4
                : e03719
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
                [b ]Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. i.manjubala@ 123456vit.ac.in
                Article
                S2405-8440(20)30564-8 e03719
                10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03719
                7138915
                32280802
                120cfec3-5778-43e6-b57c-76ac8780f194
                © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 18 November 2019
                : 30 January 2020
                : 30 March 2020
                Categories
                Article

                materials science,biomedical engineering,nanotechnology,biotechnology,hydrogels,biomedical applications,commercial products

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