PERSETUJUAN PENGGUNA TERHADAP INTEGRASI INDUSTRI HALAL DAN KEWANGAN ISLAM: APAKAH FAKTOR PENENTUNYA? (Consumers' Consent towards Halal Industry and Islamic Finance Integration: What are the Determining Factors?)

Abstract

Perkembangan industri halal dan kewangan Islam yang memberangsangkan menunjukkan kefahaman positif masyarakat Islam global mengenai kepentingan kedua-dua industri ini. Namun, terdapat sorotan literatur yang menunjukkan integrasi kedua-dua industri ini masih lagi rendah pada peringkat operasi. Di Malaysia, contohnya, proses saringan pensijilan halal JAKIM belum lagi dapat memastikan instrumen kewangan Islam dipatuhi dalam pembiayaan modal kerja dan transaksi kewangan industri halal. Keadaan ini sedikit sebanyak mencemarkan kewibawaan ekosistem halal Malaysia kerana belum dapat memastikan konsep halal dilaksanakan sepenuhnya dari ladang hinggalah ke dalam pinggan. Justeru, kajian ini berobjektifkan meneliti persetujuan pengguna terhadap langkah pemerkasaan saringan pensijilan halal Malaysia dengan mewajibkan integrasi kewangan Islam dalam piawaian halal negara. Dengan menggunakan kaedah soal selidik kepada responden di sekitar Lembah Klang, kajian ini menganalisis data kutipan menggunakan regresi binomial logistik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan majoriti pengguna bersetuju supaya integrasi industri halal dan kewangan Islam dilaksanakan bagi menambah baik standard dan prosedur pematuhan halal JAKIM. Beberapa faktor telah dikenal pasti signifikan terhadap persetujuan ini seperti faktor pendidikan agama, kesedaran halal, literasi halal dan literasi kewangan Islam. Keadaan ini secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan lagi integriti pensijilan halal negara supaya ia lebih komprehensif dan berdaya saing di peringkat antarabangsa.    Kata kunci: Ekosistem halal, faktor penentu, industri halal, kewangan Islam       Abstract   The encouragement of the development of halal industry and Islamic finance indicates positive understanding of global Muslim community on the importance of these two industries. However, at the operational level of halal, the literature review shows that the integration of these two industries is still at the low level. In Malaysia, the screening process for JAKIM halal certification has still not verified that the Islamic financial instrument complies with the work capital financing and financial transaction of halal industry. This situation has to some extent tarnished the credibility of Malaysian halal ecosystem as it is still not able to guarantee that the halal concept is executed fully from the farm until on plate. Therefore, this study aims to examine the consumers’ consent towards empowering the measures of screening for Malaysian halal certification by obligating Islamic financial integration in national halal standard. By implementing survey method to respondents around Lembah Klang, this study analysed collected data through binomial logistic regression. The study found that majority of the consumers agreed that the integration of halal industry and Islamic finance be executed to improve the standard and procedures of JAKIM halal compliance. Several factors have been recognised to be significant to this consent such as factor of religious education, halal awareness, halal literacy and Islamic financial literacy. Suggestion for this improvement at the same time will uplift the integrity of national halal certification that it will be more comprehensive and competitive at the international level.      Keywords: Halal ecosystem, determining factor, halal industry, Islamic finance.