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      Genetic Influences in Breast Cancer Drug Resistance

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          Abstract

          Breast cancer is the most common cancer in adult women aged 20 to 50 years. The therapeutic regimens that are commonly recommended to treat breast cancer are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, and systemic chemotherapy. The selection of pharmacotherapy is based on the characteristics of the tumor and its hormone receptor status, specifically, the presence of HER2, progesterone receptors, and estrogen receptors. Breast cancer pharmacotherapy often gives different results in various populations, which may cause therapeutic failure. Different types of congenital drug resistance in individuals can cause this. Genetic polymorphism is a factor in the occurrence of congenital drug resistance. This review explores the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and resistance to breast cancer therapy. It considers studies published from 2010 to 2020 concerning the relationship of genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer therapy. Several gene polymorphisms are found to be related to longer overall survival, worse relapse-free survival, higher pathological complete response, and increased disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. The presence of these gene polymorphisms can be considered in the treatment of breast cancer in order to shape personalized therapy to yield better results.

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          Cancer statistics, 2019

          Rebecca Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin Jemal (2019)
          Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2015, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2016, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2019, 1,762,450 new cancer cases and 606,880 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2006-2015) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% per year in men, whereas the cancer death rate (2007-2016) declined annually by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The overall cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2016 by a total of 27%, translating into approximately 2,629,200 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the racial gap in cancer mortality is slowly narrowing, socioeconomic inequalities are widening, with the most notable gaps for the most preventable cancers. For example, compared with the most affluent counties, mortality rates in the poorest counties were 2-fold higher for cervical cancer and 40% higher for male lung and liver cancers during 2012-2016. Some states are home to both the wealthiest and the poorest counties, suggesting the opportunity for more equitable dissemination of effective cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies. A broader application of existing cancer control knowledge with an emphasis on disadvantaged groups would undoubtedly accelerate progress against cancer.
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            Breast cancer statistics, 2019

            Carol DeSantis, Jiemin Ma, Mia Gaudet … (2019)
            This article is the American Cancer Society's biennial update on female breast cancer statistics in the United States, including data on incidence, mortality, survival, and screening. Over the most recent 5-year period (2012-2016), the breast cancer incidence rate increased slightly by 0.3% per year, largely because of rising rates of local stage and hormone receptor-positive disease. In contrast, the breast cancer death rate continues to decline, dropping 40% from 1989 to 2017 and translating to 375,900 breast cancer deaths averted. Notably, the pace of the decline has slowed from an annual decrease of 1.9% during 1998 through 2011 to 1.3% during 2011 through 2017, largely driven by the trend in white women. Consequently, the black-white disparity in breast cancer mortality has remained stable since 2011 after widening over the past 3 decades. Nevertheless, the death rate remains 40% higher in blacks (28.4 vs 20.3 deaths per 100,000) despite a lower incidence rate (126.7 vs 130.8); this disparity is magnified among black women aged <50 years, who have a death rate double that of whites. In the most recent 5-year period (2013-2017), the death rate declined in Hispanics (2.1% per year), blacks (1.5%), whites (1.0%), and Asians/Pacific Islanders (0.8%) but was stable in American Indians/Alaska Natives. However, by state, breast cancer mortality rates are no longer declining in Nebraska overall; in Colorado and Wisconsin in black women; and in Nebraska, Texas, and Virginia in white women. Breast cancer was the leading cause of cancer death in women (surpassing lung cancer) in four Southern and two Midwestern states among blacks and in Utah among whites during 2016-2017. Declines in breast cancer mortality could be accelerated by expanding access to high-quality prevention, early detection, and treatment services to all women.
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              Live or let die: the cell's response to p53.

              Karen H. Vousden, Xin Lu (2002)
              Article 0 comments Cited 628 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): bctt
                Journal ID (pmc): bctt
                Title: Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Electronic): 1179-1314
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 February 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 13
                Pages: 59-85
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran , Jatinangor, Indonesia
                [2 ]Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran , Jatinangor, Indonesia
                [3 ]Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran , Jatinangor, Indonesia
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Melisa Intan Barliana Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran , Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Jatinangor, 45363, IndonesiaTel +622284288812Fax +62-22-84288896 Email melisa.barliana@unpad.ac.id
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0015-9604
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-6421
                Article
                Publisher ID: 284453
                DOI: 10.2147/BCTT.S284453
                PMC ID: 7882715
                PubMed ID: 33603458
                SO-VID: 118af774-1a15-408c-9f93-0155d4019c1d
                Copyright © © 2021 Daniyal et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 29 September 2020
                Date accepted : 12 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 2, References: 198, Pages: 27
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: breast cancer,genetic polymorphisms,resistance therapy
                Data availability:
                Keywords: breast cancer, genetic polymorphisms, resistance therapy

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