Bisphenol-A plasma levels are related to inflammatory markers, visceral obesity and insulin-resistance: a cross-sectional study on adult male population

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Abstract

Background

The current increase of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) focuses attention on bisphenol-A (BPA), “obesogen” endocrine disruptor, main plastic component. Aim was to verify the role of BPA in metabolic alterations, insulin resistance, low grade inflammation and visceral obesity.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed in 76 out of 139 environmentally exposed adult males, unselected Caucasian subjects, enrolled by routine health survey at the “Federico II” University of Naples outpatient facilities. BPA plasma levels (ELISA), metabolic risk factors, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were performed. Clinical and biochemical parameters have been compared with BPA and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels.

Results

In total 24 subjects out of 76 (32%) presented with waist circumference (WC) >102 cm, 36 (47%) had impaired fasting glucose and 24 (32%) subjects had insulin resistance [11 out 52 (21%) with WC ≤102 cm and 13 out of 24 with WC >102 cm (54%), χ ² 6.825, p = 0.009]. BPA and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly higher in subjects with visceral adiposity (WC > 102 cm). BPA correlated with WC, triglycerides, glucose homeostasis and inflammatory markers. At the multivariate analysis WC and IL-6 remained the main predictors of BPA.

Conclusions

Detectable BPA plasma levels have been found also in our population. The strictly association between BPA and WC, components of MS, and inflammatory markers, further supports the BPA role in visceral obesity-related low grade chronic inflammation.

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Most cited references 24

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Bisphenol A and human health: a review of the literature.

Johanna Rochester (2013)

There is growing evidence that bisphenol A (BPA) may adversely affect humans. BPA is an endocrine disruptor that has been shown to be harmful in laboratory animal studies. Until recently, there were relatively few epidemiological studies examining the relationship between BPA and health effects in humans. However, in the last year, the number of these studies has more than doubled. A comprehensive literature search found 91 studies linking BPA to human health; 53 published within the last year. This review outlines this body of literature, showing associations between BPA exposure and adverse perinatal, childhood, and adult health outcomes, including reproductive and developmental effects, metabolic disease, and other health effects. These studies encompass both prenatal and postnatal exposures, and include several study designs and population types. While it is difficult to make causal links with epidemiological studies, the growing human literature correlating environmental BPA exposure to adverse effects in humans, along with laboratory studies in many species including primates, provides increasing support that environmental BPA exposure can be harmful to humans, especially in regards to behavioral and other effects in children. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.

R Bonadonna, T Monauni, F Saggiani … (1999)

To evaluate whether the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) is a reliable surrogate measure of in vivo insulin sensitivity in humans. In the present study, we compared insulin sensitivity as assessed by a 4-h euglycemic (approximately 5 mmol/l) hyperinsulinemic (approximately 300 pmol/l) clamp with HOMA in 115 subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. We found a strong correlation between clamp-measured total glucose disposal and HOMA-estimated insulin sensitivity (r = -0.820, P<0.0001), with no substantial differences between men (r = -0.800) and women (r = -0.796), younger (aged <50 years, r = -0.832) and older (r = -0.800) subjects, nonobese (BMI <27 kg/m2, r = -0.800) and obese (r = -0.765) subjects, nondiabetic (r = -0.754) and diabetic (r = -0.695) subjects, and normotensive ( r = -0.786) and hypertensive (r = -0.762) subjects. Also, we found good agreement between the two methods in the categorization of subjects according to insulin sensitivity (weighted k = 0.63). We conclude that the HOMA can be reliably used in large-scale or epidemiological studies in which only a fasting blood sample is available to assess insulin sensitivity

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Large effects from small exposures. III. Endocrine mechanisms mediating effects of bisphenol A at levels of human exposure.

Wade Welshons, Susan Nagel, Frederick S. vom Saal (2006)

Over 6 billion pounds per year of the estrogenic monomer bisphenol A (BPA) are used to manufacture polycarbonate plastic products, in resins lining metal cans, in dental sealants, and in blends with other types of plastic products. The ester bond linking BPA molecules in polycarbonate and resins undergoes hydrolysis, resulting in the release of free BPA into food, beverages, and the environment, and numerous monitoring studies now show almost ubiquitous human exposure to biologically active levels of this chemical. BPA exerts estrogenic effects through the classical nuclear estrogen receptors, and BPA acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator. However, BPA also initiates rapid responses via estrogen receptors presumably associated with the plasma membrane. Similar to estradiol, BPA causes changes in some cell functions at concentrations between 1 pM and 1 nM, and the mean and median range of unconjugated BPA measured by multiple techniques in human pregnant maternal, fetal, and adult blood and other tissues exceeds these levels. In contrast to these published findings, BPA manufacturers persist in describing BPA as a weak estrogen and insist there is little concern with human exposure levels. Our concern with human exposure to BPA derives from 1) identification of molecular mechanisms mediating effects in human and animal tissues at very low doses, 2) in vivo effects in experimental animals caused by low doses within the range of human exposure, and 3) widespread human exposure to levels of BPA that cause adverse effects in animals.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Silvia Savastano: sisavast@unina.it

Giovanni Tarantino: tarantin@unina.it

Vittoria D’Esposito: vdesposito@hotmail.it

Federica Passaretti: federica.passaretti@virgilio.it

Serena Cabaro: serenacabaro@hotmail.it

Antonietta Liotti: tonialiotti@virgilio.it

Domenico Liguoro: d.liguoro@ieos.cnr.it

Giuseppe Perruolo: gperruolo@gmail.com

Fabiana Ariemma: fabiana_ariemma@hotmail.it

Carmine Finelli: carminefinelli74@yahoo.it

Francesco Beguinot: beguino@unina.it

Pietro Formisano: fpietro@unina.it

Rossella Valentino: rossvalentino@yahoo.it

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Transl Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Transl Med

Title: Journal of Translational Medicine

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1479-5876

Publication date (Electronic): 29 May 2015

Publication date PMC-release: 29 May 2015

Publication date Collection: 2015

Volume: 13

Electronic Location Identifier: 169

Affiliations

[ ]Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy

[ ]INT “Fondazione Pascale”, Cancer Research Center of Mercogliano, 83013 Mercogliano, AV Italy

[ ]Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy

[ ]Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR), “Federico II” University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy

[ ]Center of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation, C/da S. Lucia, Chiaromonte, Potenza Italy

Article

Publisher ID: 532

DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0532-y

PMC ID: 4467609

PubMed ID: 26021871

SO-VID: 118377ff-760d-4f3e-b7be-77db140b6bac

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 9 March 2015

Date accepted : 12 May 2015

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: endocrine-disruptors,bisphenol-a,obesity,visceral adiposity,metabolic syndrome

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: endocrine-disruptors, bisphenol-a, obesity, visceral adiposity, metabolic syndrome

Bisphenol-A plasma levels are related to inflammatory markers, visceral obesity and insulin-resistance: a cross-sectional study on adult male population

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Most cited references 24

Bisphenol A and human health: a review of the literature.

Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.

Large effects from small exposures. III. Endocrine mechanisms mediating effects of bisphenol A at levels of human exposure.

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