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      68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT: a new technique with high potential for the radiotherapeutic management of prostate cancer patients

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          Radiotherapy is the main therapeutic approach besides surgery of localized prostate cancer. It relies on risk stratification and exact staging. This report analyses the potential of [ 68Ga]Glu-urea-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC ( 68Ga-PSMA-11), a new positron emission tomography (PET) tracer targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for prostate cancer staging and individualized radiotherapy planning.

          Methods

          A cohort of 57 patients with prostate cancer scanned with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for radiotherapy planning was retrospectively reviewed; 15 patients were at initial diagnosis and 42 patients at time of biochemical recurrence. Staging results of conventional imaging, including bone scintigraphy, CT or MRI, were compared with 68Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT results and the influence on radiotherapeutic management was quantified.

          Results

          68Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT had a dramatic impact on radiotherapy application in the presented cohort. In 50.8 % of the cases therapy was changed.

          Conclusion

          The presented imaging technique of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT could be a key technology for individualized radiotherapy management in prostate cancer.

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          Most cited references15

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          Correlation of primary tumor prostate-specific membrane antigen expression with disease recurrence in prostate cancer.

          The restricted expression of the surface glycoprotein prostrate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) to normal prostate tissue, primary and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), and the neovasculature of various nonprostatic epithelial malignancies has enabled targeting strategies for PCa treatment using anti-PSMA antibodies. Using prostatectomy specimens, immunohistochemical staining for PSMA (7E11 antibody) was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of 136 cases of PCa. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was scored for intensity and distribution, and results were correlated with tumor grade, pathological stage, DNA ploidy status (Feulgen spectroscopy), and disease recurrence. PSMA mRNA expression in selected primary tumors and metastatic lesions was also detected using in situ hybridization and autoradiography. Generally, PCa cells expressed relatively increased levels of PSMA as compared with benign elements. Among the PCa cases, increased (high) PSMA expression correlated with tumor grade (P = 0.030), pathological stage (P = 0.029), aneuploidy (P = 0.010), and biochemical recurrence (P = 0.001). The mean serum prostate-specific antigen level of 18.28 ng/ml at the time of diagnosis for the PSMA-overexpressing tumors was significantly greater than the mean serum prostate-specific antigen of 9.10 ng/ml for the non-PMSA-overexpressing group (P = 0.006). On multivariate analysis, pathological stage (P = 0.018) and PSMA expression (P = 0.002) were independent predictors of biochemical recurrence. PSMA protein overexpression in high-grade primary PCa tumors and metastatic lesions also correlated with increased PSMA mRNA expression levels using in situ hybridization and autoradiography. This study demonstrates for the first time that overexpression of PSMA in primary PCa correlates with other adverse traditional prognostic factors and independently predicts disease outcome.
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            Comparative effectiveness of radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy in prostate cancer: observational study of mortality outcomes

            Objective To compare the survival outcomes of patients treated with surgery or radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Design Observational study. Setting Sweden, 1996-2010. Participants 34 515 men primarily treated for prostate cancer with surgery (n=21 533) or radiotherapy (n=12 982). Patients were categorised by risk group (low, intermediate, high, and metastatic), age, and Charlson comorbidity score. Main outcome measures Cumulative incidence of mortality from prostate cancer and other causes. Competing risks regression hazard ratios for radiotherapy versus surgery were computed without adjustment and after propensity score and traditional (multivariable) adjustments, as well as after propensity score matching. Several sensitivity analyses were performed. Results Prostate cancer mortality became a larger proportion of overall mortality as risk group increased for both the surgery and the radiotherapy cohorts. Among patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer the adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio for prostate cancer mortality favoured surgery (1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.49 to 2.08, for radiotherapy v prostatectomy), whereas there was no discernible difference in treatment effect among men with metastatic disease. Subgroup analyses indicated more clear benefits of surgery among younger and fitter men with intermediate and high risk disease. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the main findings. Conclusions This large observational study with follow-up to 15 years suggests that for most men with non-metastatic prostate cancer, surgery leads to better survival than does radiotherapy. Younger men and those with less comorbidity who have intermediate or high risk localised prostate cancer might have a greater benefit from surgery.
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              Combined ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide-enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging facilitates detection of metastases in normal-sized pelvic lymph nodes of patients with bladder and prostate cancer.

              Conventional cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has limited accuracy for lymph node (LN) staging in bladder and prostate cancer patients. To prospectively assess the diagnostic accuracy of combined ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) MRI and diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI in staging of normal-sized pelvic LNs in bladder and/or prostate cancer patients. Examinations with 3-Tesla MRI 24-36 h after administration of USPIO using conventional MRI sequences combined with DW-MRI (USPIO-DW-MRI) were performed in 75 patients with clinically localised bladder and/or prostate cancer staged previously as N0 by conventional cross-sectional imaging. Combined USPIO-DW-MRI findings were analysed by three independent readers and correlated with histopathologic LN findings after extended pelvic LN dissection (PLND) and resection of primary tumours. Sensitivity and specificity for LN status of combined USPIO-DW-MRI versus histopathologic findings were evaluated per patient (primary end point) and per pelvic side (secondary end point). Time required for combined USPIO-DW-MRI reading was assessed. At histopathologic analysis, 2993 LNs (median: 39 LNs; range: 17-68 LNs per patient) with 54 LN metastases (1.8%) were found in 20 of 75 (27%) patients. Per-patient sensitivity and specificity for detection of LN metastases by the three readers ranged from 65% to 75% and 93% to 96%, respectively; sensitivity and specificity per pelvic side ranged from 58% to 67% and 94% to 97%, respectively. Median reading time for the combined USPIO-DW-MRI images was 9 min (range: 3-26 min). A potential limitation is the absence of a node-to-node correlation of combined USPIO-DW-MRI and histopathologic analysis. Combined USPIO-DW-MRI improves detection of metastases in normal-sized pelvic LNs of bladder and/or prostate cancer patients in a short reading time. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +49-6221-568202 , florian.sterzing@med.uni-heidelberg.de
                +49-6221-567732 , frederik@egiesel.com
                Journal
                Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
                Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging
                European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                1619-7070
                1619-7089
                25 September 2015
                25 September 2015
                2016
                : 43
                : 34-41
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
                [ ]Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
                [ ]Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
                [ ]Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
                [ ]Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
                [ ]Department of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
                [ ]Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
                Article
                3188
                10.1007/s00259-015-3188-1
                4771815
                26404016
                115172fd-bc81-4818-8230-af8845a14af4
                © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
                History
                : 20 June 2015
                : 1 September 2015
                Categories
                Original Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

                Radiology & Imaging
                prostate cancer,68ga-psma ligand pet/ct,radiotherapy planning,individualized radiotherapy

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