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      Balking blood pressure "control" by older persons of Bambuí, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: an ethno-epidemiological inquiry Translated title: A resistência contra o "controle" da pressão arterial na população idosa de Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil: um inquérito etno-epidemiológico

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          Abstract

          This ethno-epidemiological inquiry aims to comprehend hypertension-related experiences in the elderly population of Bambuí, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It combines ethnographic descriptions with statistical data. The subjective significance of factors associated with adequate arterial pressure control is explored. A baseline cohort of 26 people with hypertension, randomly selected from a total number of 1,494 residents over the age of 60, was interviewed utilizing signs, meanings and actions methodology. Multivariate analysis shows an association (p < 0.001) between female gender and monthly household income and treatment of hypertension and adequate blood pressure control. The number of doctor visits is associated with treatment but not with adequate blood pressure control. Conflicting cultural construction of "blood pressure problems" contributes to "non-adherence" to treatment. There is a fine line between blood pressure "control" and what is perceived as health professionals "controlling" patients' lives. Doctor-prescribed regimes are perceived as "prohibiting life's pleasures" and "controlling" personal liberty and free choice. Giving elderly people a voice regarding their social context can promote autonomy, well-being and happiness in later life.

          Translated abstract

          Esta pesquisa etno-epidemiológica objetiva compreender a experiência humana da hipertensão enquanto percebida por pessoas idosas em Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Mescla descrições etnográficas com dados numéricos. Significados acerca dos fatores correlacionados ao controle da pressão arterial são aprofundados. De 1,494 residentes > 60 anos em uma base de coorte, 26 hipertensos idosos foram aleatoriamente selecionados e entrevistados utilizando signos, significados e ações. A análise multivariada associou (p < 0,001) o sexo feminino e renda mensal domiciliar ao tratamento da hipertensão mas não com controle da pressão adequado. Construções culturais conflitantes de "problema de pressão" contribuem para a "não-adesão" ao tratamento. Há uma tensão entre o "controle" da pressão arterial e os profissionais de saúde "controlando" a vida. "Regimes" prescritos pelos médicos proíbem os prazeres da vida, "controlando" a liberdade pessoal e o livre arbítrio. Dar voz aos idosos sobre suas condições sociais pode promover autonomia, bem estar e felicidade na últimas etapas da vida.

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          Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial.

          Weight loss, sodium reduction, increased physical activity, and limited alcohol intake are established recommendations that reduce blood pressure (BP). The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet also lowers BP. To date, no trial has evaluated the effects of simultaneously implementing these lifestyle recommendations. To determine the effect on BP of 2 multicomponent, behavioral interventions. Randomized trial with enrollment at 4 clinical centers (January 2000-June 2001) among 810 adults (mean [SD] age, 50 [8.9] years; 62% women; 34% African American) with above-optimal BP, including stage 1 hypertension (120-159 mm Hg systolic and 80-95 mm Hg diastolic), and who were not taking antihypertensive medications. Participants were randomized to one of 3 intervention groups: (1) "established," a behavioral intervention that implemented established recommendations (n = 268); (2) "established plus DASH,"which also implemented the DASH diet (n = 269); and (3) an "advice only" comparison group (n = 273). Blood pressure measurement and hypertension status at 6 months. Both behavioral interventions significantly reduced weight, improved fitness, and lowered sodium intake. The established plus DASH intervention also increased fruit, vegetable, and dairy intake. Across the groups, gradients in BP and hypertensive status were evident. After subtracting change in advice only, the mean net reduction in systolic BP was 3.7 mm Hg (P<.001) in the established group and 4.3 mm Hg (P<.001) in the established plus DASH group; the systolic BP difference between the established and established plus DASH groups was 0.6 mm Hg (P =.43). Compared with the baseline hypertension prevalence of 38%, the prevalence at 6 months was 26% in the advice only group, 17% in the established group (P =.01 compared with the advice only group), and 12% in the established plus DASH group (P<.001 compared with the advice only group; P =.12 compared with the established group). The prevalence of optimal BP (<120 mm Hg systolic and <80 mm Hg diastolic) was 19% in the advice only group, 30% in the established group (P =.005 compared with the advice only group), and 35% in the established plus DASH group (P<.001 compared with the advice only group; P =.24 compared with the established group). Individuals with above-optimal BP, including stage 1 hypertension, can make multiple lifestyle changes that lower BP and reduce their cardiovascular disease risk.
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            Tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction with ST-segment elevation: a novel cardiac syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction.

            Peculiar asynergy, which consists of hypokinesis or akinesis from the mid portion to the apical area and hyperkinesis of the basal area on contrast left ventriculogram, is rare. Because the end-systolic left ventriculogram looks like a "tako-tsubo," which was used for trapping octopuses in Japan, we proposed the term "tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction." Our aim was to evaluate its clinical features and causes. We studied 30 patients with tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction without significant coronary artery disease. We assessed its pathophysiologic mechanisms by coronary spasm provocation test, endomyocardial biopsy, measurement of virus titer, and measurement of circulating catecholamine levels. Patient age ranged from 55 to 83 years. Twenty-eight were women and 2 were men. Tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction was dramatically resolved on predischarge left ventriculogram at 11.3 +/- 4.3 days. Acute coronary angiography revealed spontaneous multivessel coronary spasm in 3 patients. Among 14 patients, ergonovine or acetylcholine induced epicardial single coronary spasm in 4 patients and multivessel coronary spasm in 6 patients. Spontaneous microvascular spasm occurred at predischarge in 1 patient. An endomyocardial biopsy specimen in 3 patients and measurement of virus titer in 7 patients did not show evidence of acute myocarditis. Circulating norepinephrine was normal or slightly elevated in 6 patients. We showed clinical features of a novel cardiac syndrome with tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction. Although the precise cause remains unclear, simultaneous multivessel coronary spasm at the epicardial artery or microvascular levels may contribute to the onset of tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction.
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              Da Vida Nervosa (nas classes trabalhadoras urbanas)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                2011
                : 27
                : suppl 3
                : s378-s389
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de Fortaleza Brazil
                [2 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2011001500008
                1116410b-ac0f-4ffd-b9f4-99e96cea4e71

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Hypertension,Aging,Health of the Elderly,Cohort Studies,Hipertensão,Envelhecimento,Saúde do Idoso,Estudos de Coortes

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