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      Lessons Learned in Preventing COVID-19 within a Skilled Nursing Facility during the Early Pandemic

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Guided by the vulnerable population framework, the aim was to describe the risks and protective strategies for COVID-19 spread and infections in a Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF).

          Method

          We conducted a retrospective cohort (March 1st–August 31st, 2020) study. Data were collected from internal COVID-19 documents and resident electronic health records. Data were summarized and analyzed using descriptive statistics, relative risk calculations, and cases charted by week onset.

          Results

          There were 325 residents who lived in and 296 staff who worked at the SNF during the study period. There was a total of 2 confirmed cases among residents and 4 confirmed cases among staff. Cases were isolated and all were living at their baseline health status at the end of the study.

          Conclusion

          Understanding the vulnerability to and protective strategies for COVID-19 within SNFs could strengthen resident care, resiliency among the SNF community, and improve health policies.

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          Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility in King County, Washington

          Temet M. McMichael, Dustin W Currie, Shauna Clark … (2020)
          Abstract Background Long-term care facilities are high-risk settings for severe outcomes from outbreaks of Covid-19, owing to both the advanced age and frequent chronic underlying health conditions of the residents and the movement of health care personnel among facilities in a region. Methods After identification on February 28, 2020, of a confirmed case of Covid-19 in a skilled nursing facility in King County, Washington, Public Health–Seattle and King County, aided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, launched a case investigation, contact tracing, quarantine of exposed persons, isolation of confirmed and suspected cases, and on-site enhancement of infection prevention and control. Results As of March 18, a total of 167 confirmed cases of Covid-19 affecting 101 residents, 50 health care personnel, and 16 visitors were found to be epidemiologically linked to the facility. Most cases among residents included respiratory illness consistent with Covid-19; however, in 7 residents no symptoms were documented. Hospitalization rates for facility residents, visitors, and staff were 54.5%, 50.0%, and 6.0%, respectively. The case fatality rate for residents was 33.7% (34 of 101). As of March 18, a total of 30 long-term care facilities with at least one confirmed case of Covid-19 had been identified in King County. Conclusions In the context of rapidly escalating Covid-19 outbreaks, proactive steps by long-term care facilities to identify and exclude potentially infected staff and visitors, actively monitor for potentially infected patients, and implement appropriate infection prevention and control measures are needed to prevent the introduction of Covid-19.
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            Older people and COVID-19: Isolation, risk and ageism

            Joanne Brooke, Debra Jackson (2020)
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              Emotional, Behavioral, and Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

              Ana Pedrosa, Letícia Bitencourt, Ana Fróes … (2020)
              The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 prompted consternation in many parts of the world. Due to its fast dissemination, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic in March 2020. Aiming to contain the spread of the virus, leaders of many countries restrained social movement, targeting to flatten the curve of contamination with social distancing. This review aimed to analyze how human behavior has changed throughout this period. We also approached the key components of the emotional reaction to the pandemic, how internal and external factors, such as personality traits, gender, the media, the economy and the governmental response, influence the social perception of the pandemic and the psychological outcomes of the current scenario. Moreover, we explored in depth the groups at increased risk of suffering mental health burden secondary to these circumstances. These include the healthcare professionals, elderly individuals, children, college students, black subjects, latin and LGBTQ+ communities, economically disadvantaged groups, the homeless, prisoners, the rural population and psychiatric patients. We also discussed several measures that might minimize the emotional impact derived from this scenario. It is crucial that the health authorities, the government and the population articulate to assist the vulnerable groups and promote emotional and psychological support strategies. Moreover, it is fundamental that the population is provided with accurate information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Geriatr Nurs
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Geriatr Nurs
                Title: Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.y.)
                Publisher: Published by Elsevier Inc.
                ISSN (Print): 0197-4572
                ISSN (Electronic): 1528-3984
                Publication date PMC-release: 20 September 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 September 2021
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Orvis School of Nursing, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557
                [2 ]Alta Skilled Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, Reno, NV 89511
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Theresa Watts, 1664 N. Virginia St. #303 Reno, NV 89557; 775-682-7130
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S0197-4572(21)00291-3
                DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.09.005
                PMC ID: 8450064
                SO-VID: 10918cfd-dae8-4477-a671-01f2e8947b67
                Copyright © © 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 19 May 2021
                Date revision received : 12 September 2021
                Date accepted : 13 September 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: covid-19,skilled nursing facility;llong-term care,infection prevention,infection control
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, skilled nursing facility;llong-term care, infection prevention, infection control

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