The burden of alcohol, tobacco and others drugs among incarcerated population diagnosed with tuberculosis: time trends and spatial determinants in Southern Brazil

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Abstract

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a public health problem worldwide. It is estimated that 90% of the patients diagnosed with TB live in vulnerable environments with limited health resources, such as individuals living in correctional facilities. This study aimed to identify the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs among prisoners diagnosed with TB and the spatial determinants and time trends of the phenomenon in southern Brazil.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System was carried out. TB cases confirmed from 2014 to 2018 in prisons located in Paraná, Brazil, were selected. The Prais-Winsten procedure was performed to identify time trends by calculating monthly rates and the percentage of monthly variation. The Seasonal-Trend by Loess decomposition method was used to verify the time series and trends. The spatial association was verified with the Getis-Ord Gi* technique, and the risk areas were identified using spatial scan statistics.

Results

A total of 1,099 TB cases were found in the studied population. The consumption of tobacco ( n = 460; 41.9%), illegal drugs ( n = 451; 41.0%), and alcohol ( n = 179; 16.3%) stood out. An ascending trend was found for the consumption of alcohol (+ 19.4%/mo. (95%CI: 12.20–23.03)), tobacco (+ 20.2%/mo. (95%CI: 12.20–28.82)), and illegal drugs (+ 62.2%/mo. (95%CI: 44.54–81.97)). Spatial analysis revealed clusters for the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs.

Conclusions

This study advances knowledge presenting the burden of drug use and its typology among individuals diagnosed with TB in the prison system. There is a growing trend among patients to use drugs, especially illegal drugs. The clusters show differences between the places where the prisons are located.

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Most cited references 30

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Uso da análise de séries temporais em estudos epidemiológicos

José Antunes, Maria Cardoso (2015)

Esse artigo visa introduzir e cativar o interesse sobre a análise de séries temporais em estudos epidemiológicos. São descritos aspectos conceituais desse tipo de análise e sistematizadas indicações metodológicas. Foram definidos os principais conceitos da análise de séries temporais (tendência, variação cíclica e sazonal, associação e variação aleatória), e operacionalizada sua aplicação epidemiológica. Foram apresentados os métodos para avaliação da tendência (porcentagem de modificação anual), baseados em modelos de regressão de Prais-Winsten, e para quantificação da variação sazonal, segundo o modelo de Serfling. Foi, ainda, introduzida a modalidade de análise de regressão segmentada para séries temporais interrompidas, como estratégia de avaliação do efeito de intervenções em saúde.

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Tuberculosis and COVID-19 interaction: a review of biological, clinical and public health effects

D Visca, C.W.M. Ong, S Tiberi … (2021)

Evidence is accumulating on the interaction between tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19. The aim of the present review is to report the available evidence on the interaction between these two infections. Differences and similarities of TB and COVID-19, their immunological features, diagnostics, epidemiological and clinical characteristics and public health implications are discussed. The key published documents and guidelines on the topic have been reviewed. Based on the immunological mechanism involved, a shared dysregulation of immune responses in COVID-19 and TB has been found, suggesting a dual risk posed by co-infection worsening COVID-19 severity and favouring TB disease progression. The available evidence on clinical aspects suggests that COVID-19 happens regardless of TB occurrence either before, during or after an active TB diagnosis. More evidence is required to determine if COVID-19 may reactivate or worsen active TB disease. The role of sequeale and the need for further rehabilitation must be further studied Similarly, the potential role of drugs prescribed during the initial phase to treat COVID-19 and their interaction with anti-TB drugs require caution. Regarding risk of morbidity and mortality, several risk scores for COVID-19 and independent risk factors for TB have been identified: including, among others, age, poverty, malnutrition and co-morbidities (HIV co-infection, diabetes, etc.). Additional evidence is expected to be provided by the ongoing global TB/COVID-19 study.

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Tuberculosis, social determinants and co-morbidities (including HIV)

R. Centis, R. Duarte, K. Lönnroth … (2018)

The risk of exposure, progression to active tuberculosis (TB) and then to cure is a process affected by several risk factors. Along with well known risk factors such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), use of immunosuppressive drugs and being of young age, emerging risk factors such socio-economic and behavioral aspects play a significant role in increasing the susceptibility to infection, and unsuccessful treatment outcomes. This paper summarizes the effects of these socio-economic determinants and co-morbidities (including HIV) on TB infection and disease.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Alessandro Rolim Scholze: alessandroscholze@usp.br

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Public Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Public Health

Title: BMC Public Health

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2458

Publication date (Electronic): 17 May 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 17 May 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 22

Electronic Location Identifier: 999

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.11899.38, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0722, Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, , University of São Paulo, ; São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Brazil

[2 ]GRID grid.411206.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 4953, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, , Federal University of Mato Grosso, ; Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso Brazil

[3 ]GRID grid.8430.f, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 4888, Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, College of Nursing, , Federal University of Minas Gerais, ; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil

[4 ]Department of Nursing, State University of Northern Paraná, Bandeirantes, Paraná Brazil

[5 ]GRID grid.411400.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2193 3537, Department of Nursing, , State University of Londrina, ; Londrina, Paraná Brazil

[6 ]Department of Nursing, West Paraná State University, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná Brazil

[7 ]GRID grid.11899.38, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0722, Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, , University of São Paulo, ; São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Brazil

[8 ]GRID grid.10772.33, ISNI 0000000121511713, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene E Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, ; Lisbon, Portugal

[9 ]GRID grid.8389.a, ISNI 0000 0000 9310 6111, School of Science and Technology, Research Center in Mathematics and Application, , University of Évora, ; Évora, Portugal

Article

Publisher ID: 13408

DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13408-1

PMC ID: 9112653

PubMed ID: 35581564

SO-VID: 106098fa-f599-415d-8737-72ba4fb56ec1

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 19 August 2021

Date accepted : 12 May 2022

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: tuberculosis,prisoners,drug utilization,public health

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: tuberculosis, prisoners, drug utilization, public health

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The burden of alcohol, tobacco and others drugs among incarcerated population diagnosed with tuberculosis: time trends and spatial determinants in Southern Brazil

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Abstract

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PLOS Global Public Health

Most cited references 30

Uso da análise de séries temporais em estudos epidemiológicos

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 interaction: a review of biological, clinical and public health effects

Tuberculosis, social determinants and co-morbidities (including HIV)

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Cited by 2

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