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      Simulated Site-directed Mutations in a Virtual Reality Environment as a Powerful Aid for Teaching the Three-dimensional Structure of Proteins

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          Abstract

          Molecular Visualization of the consequences of site-directed mutations can help teaching the structure-activity relationships of proteins to undergraduate and graduate students. However, experimental structural data are usually limited to a few mutations, mostly at active sites, and real-time computations are too time-consuming for standard classroom sessions. Since pre-calculation of all possible mutations for a given protein is impractical, a database of models with either a subtle (alanine), or aggressive site-mutations of the yeast pyrophosphatase homodimer was created. The models are displayed with the VMD package at IXTLI (virtual reality facility at UNAM). We programmed a user interface to create the illusion of real-time mutations at a mouse click. In a session, students worked with the program, under a semi-guided assignment, finding the interface friendly and learning to exploit the software quickly. Their performances varied substantially, but most were highly motivated, and seemed to have benefited from the session.

          Translated abstract

          La visualización molecular de las consecuencias de mutaciones dirigidas puede auxiliar a estudiantes de licenciatura y de grado en el aprendizaje de las relaciones estructura-actividad de proteínas. Sin embargo, los datos estructurales experimentales se limitan a unas pocas mutaciones, la mayoría sobre sitios activos y los cálculos de cómputo a tiempo real son muy lentos para ser utilizados en una sesión de clase estándar. Dado que el precálculo de todas las posibles mutaciones para una proteína dada no es factible, se optó por crear una base de datos de modelos con una mutación de sitio suave (alanina) o una agresiva de la pirofosfatasa homodimérica. Los modelos se despliegan con el paquete VMD en el laboratorio IXTLI (la instalación de realidad virtual de la UNAM). Programamos una interfase de usuario para crear la ilusión de mutaciones en tiempo real con un click del ratón. En una sesión, en la que los estudiantes trabajaron semi-guiados con el programa, encontraron amigable la interfase y explotaron las capacidades del software rápidamente. Su desempeño varió sustancial-mente, pero la mayoría se mostró altamente motivada y beneficiada por la sesión.

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          Most cited references14

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          SWISS-MODEL and the Swiss-PdbViewer: an environment for comparative protein modeling.

          Comparative protein modeling is increasingly gaining interest since it is of great assistance during the rational design of mutagenesis experiments. The availability of this method, and the resulting models, has however been restricted by the availability of expensive computer hardware and software. To overcome these limitations, we have developed an environment for comparative protein modeling that consists of SWISS-MODEL, a server for automated comparative protein modeling and of the SWISS-PdbViewer, a sequence to structure workbench. The Swiss-PdbViewer not only acts as a client for SWISS-MODEL, but also provides a large selection of structure analysis and display tools. In addition, we provide the SWISS-MODEL Repository, a database containing more than 3500 automatically generated protein models. By making such tools freely available to the scientific community, we hope to increase the use of protein structures and models in the process of experiment design.
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            Biomolecules in the computer: Jmol to the rescue.

            Jmol is free, open source software for interactive molecular visualization. Since it is written in the Java™ programming language, it is compatible with all major operating systems and, in the applet form, with most modern web browsers. This article summarizes Jmol development and features that make it a valid and promising replacement for Rasmol and Chime in the development of educational materials, as well as in basic investigation of biomolecular structure. The description is set up by comparison with the well known abilities of Rasmol and Chime. Jmol is suitable for molecular model display and analysis in biochemistry, molecular biology, organic and inorganic chemistry, crystallography, and materials science. Copyright © 2006 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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              A large scale test of computational protein design: folding and stability of nine completely redesigned globular proteins.

              A previously developed computer program for protein design, RosettaDesign, was used to predict low free energy sequences for nine naturally occurring protein backbones. RosettaDesign had no knowledge of the naturally occurring sequences and on average 65% of the residues in the designed sequences differ from wild-type. Synthetic genes for ten completely redesigned proteins were generated, and the proteins were expressed, purified, and then characterized using circular dichroism, chemical and temperature denaturation and NMR experiments. Although high-resolution structures have not yet been determined, eight of these proteins appear to be folded and their circular dichroism spectra are similar to those of their wild-type counterparts. Six of the proteins have stabilities equal to or up to 7kcal/mol greater than their wild-type counterparts, and four of the proteins have NMR spectra consistent with a well-packed, rigid structure. These encouraging results indicate that the computational protein design methods can, with significant reliability, identify amino acid sequences compatible with a target protein backbone.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eq
                Educación química
                Educ. quím
                Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0187-893X
                2009
                : 20
                : 4
                : 461-465
                Affiliations
                [01] México Distrito Federal orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Química México sotres@ 123456servidor.unam.mx
                Article
                S0187-893X2009000400011 S0187-893X(09)02000400011
                10.1016/S0187-893X(18)30051-X
                103006b0-b7e3-4b89-bed3-a8a55dd00594

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 March 2009
                : 28 November 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Didactics of chemistry

                Virtual reality,molecular visualization,protein structure and energetics

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