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      Incidence of early postanesthetic hypoxemia in the postanesthetic care unit and related factors Translated title: Incidence of early postanaesthetic hypoxemia in the postanaesthetic care unit and related factors

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Postoperative hypoxemia is a frequent adverse event in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU). Incidence varies substantially, between 14% and 80%, depending on the complexity of the referral center and the characteristics of the population, with the potential for severe and even fatal outcomes. Objective: To determine the incidence of early postoperative hypoxemia (EPH) in the PACU and identify related clinical factors. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical observational study in adult patients taken to the PACU following surgical procedures under general or neuroaxial anesthesia, between April and May 2017. Peripheral arterial oxygen saturation was recorded on admission to the PACU. Factors associated with the development of EPH were evaluated using simple logistic and multivariate regression step by step. Results: Overall, 365 patients were included. Median age was 49 years (interquartile range 36-63 years), half of them were women (55.3%), and 7.4% had lung disease. Of the total number of patients, 60 developed EPH, for an incidence of 16%. Age, a history of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and anesthesia time were statistically significant associated factors. The type of anesthesia, the type of surgery, and the surgical site were not significant associated factors. Conclusion: It is recommended to identify elderly patients, a history of OSAS, and potential exposure to prolonged anesthesia time in order to implement strategies designed to reduce the risk of EPH.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: La hipoxemia postoperatoria es un evento adverso frecuente en la Unidad de Cuidados Postanestésicos (UCPA). Su incidencia varía ampliamente entre 14 a 80% según la complejidad del centro de referencia y características de la población, con posibilidad de desenlaces severos e incluso fatales. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de hipoxemia postoperatoria temprana (HPT) en UCPA y sus factores clínicos relacionados. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico transversal de pacientes adultos ingresados a la UCPA después de ser sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos bajo anestesia general o neuroaxial entre abril y mayo 2017. Se registró la saturación arterial periférica de oxígeno al ingreso de UCPA, durante la primera y segunda horas postoperatorias. Los factores asociados al desarrollo de HPT fueron evaluados mediante regresión logística simple y multivariada paso a paso. Resultados: Se incluyeron 365 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 49 años (rango intercuartíl [RIC] 36-63 años), la mitad fueron mujeres (55.3%) y 7.4% tenían patología pulmonar. De la totalidad de pacientes, 60 desarrollaron HPT representando una incidencia de 16%. La edad, antecedente de Síndrome de Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS) y tiempo de anestesia fueron factores asociados estadísticamente significativos. El tipo de anestesia, tipo de cirugía y sitio quirúrgico no fueron factores asociados significativos. Conclusión: Se recomienda identificar de manera prequirúrgica pacientes con edad avanzada, antecedente de SAOS y posible exposición a tiempos prolongados de anestesia, con el fin de implementar estrategias que puedan disminuir el riesgo de HPT.

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          Risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia in patients undergoing Stanford A aortic dissection surgery

          Background The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia in patients with Stanford A aortic dissection surgery and their relation to clinical outcomes. Methods Clinical records of 186 patients with postoperative hypoxemia in Stanford A aortic dissection were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups by postoperative oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2):hypoxemia group (N=92) and non-hypoxemia group (N=94). Results We found that the incidence of postoperative hypoxemia was 49.5%. Statistical analysis by t-test and χ2 indicated that acute onset of the aortic dissection (p=0.000), preoperative oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2) ≤200 mmHg(p=0.000), body mass index (p=0.008), circulatory arrest (CA) time (p=0.000) and transfusion more than 3000 ml(p=0.000) were significantly associated with postoperative hypoxemia. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative hypoxemia, CA time and transfusion more than 3000 ml were independently associated with postoperative hypoxemia in Stanford A aortic dissection. Conclusion Our results suggest that postoperative hypoxemia is a common complication in patients treated by Stanford A aortic dissection surgery. Preoperative oxygen fraction lower than 200 mmHg, longer CA time and transfusion more than 3000 ml are predictors of postoperative hypoxemia in Stanford A aortic dissection.
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            The influence of body position and differential ventilation on lung dimensions and atelectasis formation in anaesthetized man.

            The effects of body position and anaesthesia with mechanical ventilation on thoracic dimensions and atelectasis formation were studied by means of computerized tomography in 14 patients. Induction of anaesthesia in the supine position reduced the cross-sectional area for both lungs and caused atelectasis formation in dependent lung regions in 4/5 patients. Conventional ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increased thoracic dimensions and reduced, but did not eliminate, the atelectatic areas. The vertical diameters of both lungs were smaller in the lateral position as compared to the supine position (16.7 vs 10.4 cm in the left lung and 17.3 vs 12.8 cm in the right lung). The lateral positioning also caused a large reduction of the atelectatic area in the non-dependent lung. Differential ventilation with selective PEEP to the dependent lung eliminated (3/8 patients) or reduced (5/8 patients) dependent lung atelectasis. It can be concluded that lung geometry is altered in the lateral position: the shape of the lung makes the vertical diameter of each lung less in the lateral position, compared to the supine position. The atelectatic areas are mainly located in the dependent lung in the lateral position, and these atelectatic areas could be further reduced by selective PEEP to this lung.
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              Perioperative hypoxemia is common with horizontal positioning during general anesthesia and is associated with major adverse outcomes: a retrospective study of consecutive patients

              Background Reported perioperative pulmonary aspiration (POPA) rates have substantial variation. Perioperative hypoxemia (POH), a manifestation of POPA, has been infrequently studied beyond the PACU, for patients undergoing a diverse array of surgical procedures. Methods Consecutive adult patients with ASA I-IV and pre-operative pulmonary stability who underwent a surgical procedure requiring general anesthesia were investigated. Using pulse oximetry, POH was documented in the operating room and during the 48 hours following PACU discharge. POPA was the presence of an acute pulmonary infiltrate with POH. Results The 500 consecutive, eligible patients had operative body-positions of prone 13%, decubitus 8%, sitting 1%, and supine/lithotomy 78%, with standard practice of horizontal recumbency. POH was found in 150 (30%) patients. Post-operative stay with POH was 3.7 ± 4.7 days and without POH was 1.7 ± 2.3 days (p < 0.0001). POH rate varied from 14% to 58% among 11 of 12 operative procedure-categories. Conditions independently associated with POH (p < 0.05) were acute trauma, BMI, ASA level, glycopyrrolate administration, and duration of surgery. POPA occurred in 24 (4.8%) patients with higher mortality (8.3%), when compared to no POPA (0.2%; p = 0.0065). Post-operative stay was greater with POPA (7.7 ± 5.7 days), when compared to no POPA (2.0 ± 2.9 days; p = 0.0001). Conditions independently associated with POPA (p < 0.05) were cranial procedure, ASA level, and duration of surgery. POPA, acute trauma, duration of surgery, and inability to extubate in the OR were independently associated with post-operative stay (p < 0.05). POH, gastric dysmotility, acute trauma, cranial procedure, emergency procedure, and duration of surgery had independent correlations with post-operative length of stay (p < 0.05). Conclusions Adult surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia with horizontal recumbency have substantial POH and POPA rates. Hospital mortality was greater with POPA and post-operative stay was increased for POH and POPA. POH rates were noteworthy for virtually all categories of operative procedures and POH and POPA were independent predictors of post-operative length of stay. A study is needed to determine if modest reverse-Trendelenburg positioning during general anesthesia has a relationship with reduced POH and POPA rates.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rca
                Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología
                Rev. colomb. anestesiol.
                SCARE-Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0120-3347
                December 2018
                : 46
                : 4
                : 309-316
                Affiliations
                [1] Cali orgnameFundación Valle del Lili orgdiv1Anaesthesiology Department Colombia
                [3] Cali orgnameFundación Valle del Lili orgdiv1Clinical Research Centre (CIC) Colombia
                [4] Cali orgnameFundación Valle del Lili Colombia
                [2] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad Icesi orgdiv1Biomedical Research Centre Colombia
                Article
                S0120-33472018000400309
                10.1097/cj9.0000000000000082
                10231ade-149d-4fc2-8daa-ba6f4614f7ec

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 8
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                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Scientific and technological research

                Hipoxemia,Periodo Posoperatorio,Cuidados Posoperatorios,Periodo de Recuperación de la Anestesia,Estudio observacional,Hypoxemia,Postoperative Period,Postoperative Care,Anesthesia Recovery Period,Observational Study

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