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      Diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria (síndrome de Rendu-Osler-Weber) en un hospital universitario en Colombia Translated title: Diagnosis and treatment of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome) at a university hospital in Colombia

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria (THH) es una enfermedad vascular hereditaria caracterizada por epistaxis, sangrado digestivo y anemia crónica; en muchos casos hay malformaciones arteriovenosas de órganos sólidos. El diagnóstico se realiza con base en datos clínicos, hallazgos endoscópicos e imagenológicos. La detección temprana con enfoque multidisciplinario y tratamiento de las complicaciones impacta en morbimortalidad de la enfermedad. Objetivos: describir las características demográficas, clínicas y desenlaces de pacientes con diagnóstico de THH en un hospital universitario. Métodos: estudio tipo serie de casos en pacientes evaluados entre 2012 hasta el 2017. Resultados: se obtuvieron registros de 18 casos, 11 (61,1 %) hombres, con edad mediana de 56 años (rango intercuartílico [IQR]: 52-64). Los casos son provenientes de Colombia y algunos países caribeños. En todos los pacientes el diagnóstico se estableció mediante los criterios de Curazao. El número de ingresos hospitalarios tuvo una mediana de 6 días (IQR: 2,5-20,5). Los ingresos fueron en relación a sangrado en todos los casos, 61 % de los pacientes requirió transfusión de hemoderivados. En el 61 % de los pacientes se identificó compromiso en el órgano sólido mediante imágenes. Conclusiones: la THH es una enfermedad de expresión clínica variable. En nuestro estudio las manifestaciones gastrointestinales fueron las causas de ingreso más frecuentes. Se requirió con frecuencia transfusión de hemoderivados. Los pacientes requirieron múltiples estudios para identificar la extensión de la enfermedad y el compromiso de órgano sólido. El tratamiento se basó en el manejo endoscópico y médico, especialmente a base de bevacizumab y octreotida.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT or Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome) is a hereditary vascular disease characterized by recurrent epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding and chronic anemia. Many cases have arteriovenous malformations of solid organs. Diagnosis is based on clinical data, endoscopy and imaging. Early detection and treatment of complications with a multidisciplinary approach impacts the disease’s morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the demographic, clinical and outcome characteristics of patients diagnosed with HHT at a university hospital. Methods: This is a case series of patients evaluated between 2012 and 2017. Results: Records of 18 cases were obtained. The patients were from Colombia and other Caribbean countries. All diagnoses were established using the Curaçao criteria. Eleven patients 11 (61.1%) were men, and the median patient age was 56 years (IQR 52-64). The median number of hospital admissions was 6 (33.3%) (IQR 2.5-20.5), and all admissions were related to bleeding. Sixty-one percent of patients required transfusion of blood products, and the compromises of solid organs were found in the same number of patients by imaging studies. Conclusions: The clinical expression of THH varies, but in our study gastrointestinal manifestations were the most frequent causes of hospital admission. They frequently required transfusion of blood products and patients required multiple studies to identify the extent of the disease, and solid organ compromise. Treatment was based on endoscopic and medical management, especially administration of bevacizumab and octreotide.

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          International guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.

          HHT is an autosomal dominant disease with an estimated prevalence of at least 1/5000 which can frequently be complicated by the presence of clinically significant arteriovenous malformations in the brain, lung, gastrointestinal tract and liver. HHT is under-diagnosed and families may be unaware of the available screening and treatment, leading to unnecessary stroke and life-threatening hemorrhage in children and adults. The goal of this international HHT guidelines process was to develop evidence-informed consensus guidelines regarding the diagnosis of HHT and the prevention of HHT-related complications and treatment of symptomatic disease. The overall guidelines process was developed using the AGREE framework, using a systematic search strategy and literature retrieval with incorporation of expert evidence in a structured consensus process where published literature was lacking. The Guidelines Working Group included experts (clinical and genetic) from eleven countries, in all aspects of HHT, guidelines methodologists, health care workers, health care administrators, HHT clinic staff, medical trainees, patient advocacy representatives and patients with HHT. The Working Group determined clinically relevant questions during the pre-conference process. The literature search was conducted using the OVID MEDLINE database, from 1966 to October 2006. The Working Group subsequently convened at the Guidelines Conference to partake in a structured consensus process using the evidence tables generated from the systematic searches. The outcome of the conference was the generation of 33 recommendations for the diagnosis and management of HHT, with at least 80% agreement amongst the expert panel for 30 of the 33 recommendations.
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            Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

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              Bevacizumab in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and severe hepatic vascular malformations and high cardiac output.

              The only treatment available to restore normal cardiac output in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and cardiac failure is liver transplant. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatments such as bevacizumab may be an effective treatment. To test the efficacy of bevacizumab in reducing high cardiac output in severe hepatic forms of HHT and to assess improvement in epistaxis duration and quality of life. Single-center, phase 2 trial with national recruitment from the French HHT Network. Patients were 18 to 70 years old and had confirmed HHT, severe liver involvement, and a high cardiac index related to HHT. Bevacizumab, 5 mg per kg, every 14 days for a total of 6 injections. The total duration of the treatment was 2.5 months; patients were followed up for 6 months after the beginning of the treatment. Decrease in cardiac output at 3 months after the first injection, evaluated by echocardiography. A total of 25 patients were included between March 2009 and November 2010. Of the 24 patients who had echocardiograms available for reread, there was a response in 20 of 24 patients with normalization of cardiac index (complete response [CR]) in 3 of 24, partial response (PR) in 17 of 24, and no response in 4 cases. Median cardiac index at beginning of the treatment was 5.05 L/min/m(2) (range, 4.1-6.2) and significantly decreased at 3 months after the beginning of the treatment with a median cardiac index of 4.2 L/min/m(2) (range, 2.9-5.2; P < .001). Median cardiac index at 6 months was significantly lower than before treatment (4.1 L/min/m(2); range, 3.0-5.1). Among 23 patients with available data at 6 months, we observed CR in 5 cases, PR in 15 cases, and no response in 3 cases. Mean duration of epistaxis, which was 221 minutes per month (range, 0-947) at inclusion, had significantly decreased at 3 months (134 minutes; range, 0-656) and 6 months (43 minutes; range, 0-310) (P = .008). Quality of life had significantly improved. The most severe adverse events were 2 cases of grade 3 systemic hypertension, which were successfully treated. In this preliminary study of patients with HHT associated with severe hepatic vascular malformations and high cardiac output, administration of bevacizumab was associated with a decrease in cardiac output and reduced duration and number of episodes of epistaxis. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00843440.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcg
                Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterologia
                Rev Col Gastroenterol
                Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología (Bogotá, , Colombia )
                0120-9957
                June 2019
                : 34
                : 2
                : 152-158
                Affiliations
                [1] Medellín orgnameHospital Pablo Tobón Uribe Colombia
                [2] Medellín orgnameHospital Pablo Tobón Uribe Colombia
                [3] Medellín orgnameUniversidad Pontificia Bolivariana Colombia
                Article
                S0120-99572019000200152
                10.22516/25007440.280
                0f8f80f1-f3d2-4fd1-af58-207f07cab0a0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 August 2018
                : 03 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia,hemorrhage,epistaxis,melena,Telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria,hemorragia

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