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      ¿Es segura la cirugía conservadora de bazo en el trauma abdominal? Translated title: Is spleen-preserving surgery safe for abdominal trauma?

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          Abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: El tratamiento del traumatismo esplénico se basa en medidas conservadoras no quirúrgicas o en el uso de radiología intervencionista. La cirugía conservadora del bazo en el traumatismo esplénico sigue siendo inusual. Objetivo: El análisis de seguridad y eficacia del tratamiento quirurgico conservador en el traumatismo esplénico. Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo durante un período de 16 años con la intención de registrar la actitud diagnóstica y terapéutica en un hospital de segundo nivel, enfocándose en los pacientes que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico conservador esplénico por traumatismo esplénico, excluyendo esplenectomías y tratamientos no quirúrgicos. Resultados: 110 pacientes presentaron traumatismo esplénico. La cirugía conservadora esplénica se realizó en 15 pacientes. Los grados de lesiones esplénicas fueron: 1 paciente con grado I, 1 paciente con grado II, 7 pacientes con grado III y 6 pacientes con grado IV. El tratamiento quirúrgico fue esplenorrafia en 5 pacientes (33%), agentes hemostáticos y malla de ácido poliglicólico en 4 (26%), esplenectomía parcial con colocación de malla de ácido poliglicólico en 3 (20%), esplenectomía parcial en 2 (13%) y hemostasia con electrocauterio en 1 (6%). Ninguno de los pacientes tratados inicialmente con cirugía conservadora requirió esplenectomía posterior y ningún paciente falleció. Conclusiones: La cirugía conservadora esplénica puede ser útil y segura en traumatismos esplénicos, la cual tendría su lugar en traumatismos de grados II, III y IV en centros hospitalarios en los que no se cuente con radiología intervencionista urgente.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: Treatment of splenic trauma is currently based on non-surgical treatment or the use of interventional radiology. The conservative surgery of the spleen in splenic trauma remains marginal. Objective: To analyze the safety and efficacy of conservative surgical treatment in splenic trauma. Method: A retrospective study was performed over a 16-year period with the intention of recording the diagnostic and therapeutic attitude in a second level hospital, focusing on patients who received conservative splenic surgical treatment for splenic trauma, excluding splenectomies and non-surgical treatment. Results: 110 patients presented splenic trauma. Spleen-sparing surgery was performed in 15 patients. The grades of splenic lesions were: 1 patient with grade I, 1 patient with grade II, 7 patients with grade III and 6 patients with grade IV. Surgical treatment was splenorrhaphy in 5 patients (33%), hemostatic agents and polyglycolic acid mesh in 4 (26%), partial splenectomy with placement of polyglycolic acid mesh in 3 (20%), partial splenectomy in 2 (13%), and electrocautery in 1 (6%). None of the patients initially treated with conservative surgery required posterior splenectomy and no patient died. Conclusion: We provide evidence supporting the usefulness and safety of conservative splenic surgery in splenic trauma, which would have its place in grades II, III and IV trauma in health centers that do not have urgent interventional radiology.

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          Most cited references28

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          Splenic trauma: WSES classification and guidelines for adult and pediatric patients

          Spleen injuries are among the most frequent trauma-related injuries. At present, they are classified according to the anatomy of the injury. The optimal treatment strategy, however, should keep into consideration the hemodynamic status, the anatomic derangement, and the associated injuries. The management of splenic trauma patients aims to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiopathology especially considering the modern tools for bleeding management. Thus, the management of splenic trauma should be ultimately multidisciplinary and based on the physiology of the patient, the anatomy of the injury, and the associated lesions. Lastly, as the management of adults and children must be different, children should always be treated in dedicated pediatric trauma centers. In fact, the vast majority of pediatric patients with blunt splenic trauma can be managed non-operatively. This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification of splenic trauma and the management guidelines.
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            Advanced trauma life support (ATLS®): The ninth edition

            (2013)
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              Blunt splenic trauma: Assessment, management and outcomes.

              The approach for diagnosis and management of blunt splenic injury (BSI) has been considerably shifted towards non-operative management (NOM). We aimed to review the current practice for the evaluation, diagnosis and management of BSI.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cicr
                Cirugía y cirujanos
                Cir. cir.
                Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0009-7411
                2444-054X
                October 2023
                : 91
                : 5
                : 678-684
                Affiliations
                [1] Granada orgnameHospital Universitario San Cecilio orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo España
                Article
                S2444-054X2023000500678 S2444-054X(23)09100500678
                10.24875/ciru.22000301
                0f6de550-f0af-4dd1-9088-13cea3385a29

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 June 2022
                : 10 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                Splenectomy,Splenic rupture,Abdominal injuries,Hemostáticos,Esplenectomía,Ruptura esplénica,Lesiones abdominales,Hemostatics

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