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      Predictors of academic efficacy and dropout intention in university students: Can engagement suppress burnout?

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          Abstract

          In this study we modelled possible causes and consequences of student burnout and engagement on academic efficacy and dropout intention in university students. Further we asked, can student engagement protect against the effects of burnout? In total 4,061 university students from Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Finland, Serbia, and Macao SAR, Taiwan participated in this study. With the data collected we analyzed the influence of Social Support, Coping Strategies, and school/course related variables on student engagement and burnout using structural equation modeling. We also analyzed the effect of student engagement, student burnout, and their interaction, on Academic Performance and Dropout Intention. We found that both student engagement and burnout are good predictors of subjective academic performance and dropout intention. However, student burnout suppresses the effect of student engagement on these variables. This result has strong implications for practitioners and administrators. To prevent student dropout, it is not enough to promote student engagement—additionally, and importantly, levels of student burnout must be kept low. Other variables such as social support and coping strategies are also relevant predictors of student engagement and burnout and should be considered when implementing preventive actions, self-help and guided intervention programs for college students.

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          lavaan: AnRPackage for Structural Equation Modeling

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            Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance

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              Job burnout.

              Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people's relation to their work. Recently, the work on burnout has expanded internationally and has led to new conceptual models. The focus on engagement, the positive antithesis of burnout, promises to yield new perspectives on interventions to alleviate burnout. The social focus of burnout, the solid research basis concerning the syndrome, and its specific ties to the work domain make a distinct and valuable contribution to people's health and well-being.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Resources
                Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                29 October 2020
                2020
                : 15
                : 10
                : e0239816
                Affiliations
                [1 ] William James Center for Research, ISPA–Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
                [2 ] Faculty of Education and Arts, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
                [3 ] Department of Education, The National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
                [4 ] Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
                [5 ] Universidade Pedagógica, Maputo, Mozambique
                [6 ] Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
                [7 ] Department of ETRA, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States of America
                [8 ] Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
                IUMPA - Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, SPAIN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9214-5378
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-4337
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4532-7133
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-5263
                Article
                PONE-D-19-29669
                10.1371/journal.pone.0239816
                7595383
                33119598
                0f11ff1e-57ea-4c5a-be70-74e3e99a068c
                © 2020 Marôco et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 24 October 2019
                : 14 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 5, Pages: 26
                Funding
                This research was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UID/PSI/04810/2019). Data analysis was partially produced with the support of INCD funded by FCT and FEDER under the project 22153-01/SAICT/2016. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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                Custom metadata
                Data can be accessed at this link: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12860132.v1.

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