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      Prevalencia de las declaraciones nutricionales en la prevención de la obesidad en el mercado español Translated title: Prevalence of relevant nutritional claims related to prevention of obesity in Spanish market

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          Abstract

          Introducción: a pesar de que estudios anteriores han proporcionado información relevante respecto al avance en la aplicación del Reglamento (CE) n.o 1924/2006 de la Unión Europea, hasta ahora no se ha determinado la prevalencia de las declaraciones nutricionales relevantes en la prevención de la obesidad en el mercado español. Objetivo: determinar la presencia de las declaraciones nutricionales relevantes en la prevención de la obesidad en el mercado español. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un registro de productos alimenticios comercializados en 3 cadenas de distribución alimentaria que concentran el 40% del mercado. Se registró información nutricional de 9 categorías de productos representativos en la cesta de la compra de las familias españolas. Las declaraciones nutricionales analizadas hacen mención de los nutrientes que pueden contribuir o no al exceso de peso. Resultados: se examinó un total de 4.568 productos y se encontraron un total de 900 declaraciones nutricionales en el 20% de los productos analizados. Los nutrientes referidos en las declaraciones nutricionales encontrados con mayor frecuencia en las 9 categorías de productos fueron las grasas (42%), los azúcares (32%), la fibra alimentaria (20%) y la sal (6%). Conclusiones: al igual que en otros estudios realizados en España, nuestro estudio mostró una baja proporción de declaraciones nutricionales. Por lo tanto, para que estas cumplan su función informativa tanto la industria como la distribución alimentaria deben seguir trabajando por incluir más declaraciones en los alimentos que ofrecen. De esta manera facilitarán a los consumidores una mejor toma de decisiones alimentarias.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Although previous studies have provided relevant information regarding the progress in the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Union. So far it not determined the prevalence of relevant nutrition claims in preventing obesity in the Spanish market. Objective: To determine the prevalence of relevant nutritional claims related to prevent the obesity in the Spanish market. Material and methods: A database with 9 food product categories and it nutritional claims was created. Three supermarket chains were included because they represent the 40% of market share. Only the nutritional claims that mention nutrients related obesity was considered. Results: A total of 4,568 products were examined and a total of 900 nutrition claims were found in 20% of the products found. The most frequent nutrients referred in the nutritional claims were fat (42%), sugar (32%), dietary fibre (20%) and salt (6%). Conclusions: In accordance with previous studies, findings reported a low prevalence of nutritional claims indicating that agrifood sector should include more nutritional claims to help consumers making better food choices.

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          Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity.

          Obesity is a major epidemic, but its causes are still unclear. In this article, we investigate the relation between the intake of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and the development of obesity. We analyzed food consumption patterns by using US Department of Agriculture food consumption tables from 1967 to 2000. The consumption of HFCS increased > 1000% between 1970 and 1990, far exceeding the changes in intake of any other food or food group. HFCS now represents > 40% of caloric sweeteners added to foods and beverages and is the sole caloric sweetener in soft drinks in the United States. Our most conservative estimate of the consumption of HFCS indicates a daily average of 132 kcal for all Americans aged > or = 2 y, and the top 20% of consumers of caloric sweeteners ingest 316 kcal from HFCS/d. The increased use of HFCS in the United States mirrors the rapid increase in obesity. The digestion, absorption, and metabolism of fructose differ from those of glucose. Hepatic metabolism of fructose favors de novo lipogenesis. In addition, unlike glucose, fructose does not stimulate insulin secretion or enhance leptin production. Because insulin and leptin act as key afferent signals in the regulation of food intake and body weight, this suggests that dietary fructose may contribute to increased energy intake and weight gain. Furthermore, calorically sweetened beverages may enhance caloric overconsumption. Thus, the increase in consumption of HFCS has a temporal relation to the epidemic of obesity, and the overconsumption of HFCS in calorically sweetened beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity.
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            Effect of reducing total fat intake on body weight: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies

            Objective To investigate the relation between total fat intake and body weight in adults and children. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to June 2010. Inclusion criteria Randomised controlled trials and cohort studies of adults or children that compared lower versus usual total fat intake and assessed the effects on measures of body fatness (body weight, body mass index, or waist circumference) after at least six months (randomised controlled trials) or one year (in cohorts). Randomised controlled trials with any intention to reduce weight in participants or confounded by additional medical or lifestyle interventions were excluded. Data extraction Data were extracted and validity was assessed independently and in duplicate. Random effects meta-analyses, subgroups, sensitivity analyses, and metaregression were done. Results 33 randomised controlled trials (73 589 participants) and 10 cohort studies were included, all from developed countries. Meta-analysis of data from the trials suggested that diets lower in total fat were associated with lower relative body weight (by 1.6 kg, 95% confidence interval −2.0 to −1.2 kg, I2=75%, 57 735 participants). Lower weight gain in the low fat arm compared with the control arm was consistent across trials, but the size of the effect varied. Metaregression suggested that greater reduction in total fat intake and lower baseline fat intake were associated with greater relative weight loss, explaining most of the heterogeneity. The significant effect of a low fat diet on weight was not lost in sensitivity analyses (including removing trials that expended greater time and attention on low fat groups). Lower total fat intake also led to lower body mass index (−0.51 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval −0.76 to −0.26, nine trials, I2=77%) and waist circumference (by 0.3 cm, 95% confidence interval −0.58 to −0.02, 15 671 women, one trial). There was no suggestion of negative effects on other cardiovascular risk factors (lipid levels or blood pressure). GRADE assessment suggested high quality evidence for the relation between total fat intake and body weight in adults. Only one randomised controlled trial and three cohort studies were found in children and young people, but these confirmed a positive relation between total fat intake and weight gain. Conclusions There is high quality, consistent evidence that reduction of total fat intake has been achieved in large numbers of both healthy and at risk trial participants over many years. Lower total fat intake leads to small but statistically significant and clinically meaningful, sustained reductions in body weight in adults in studies with baseline fat intakes of 28-43% of energy intake and durations from six months to over eight years. Evidence supports a similar effect in children and young people.
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              Dietary sodium, adiposity, and inflammation in healthy adolescents.

              To determine the relationships of sodium intake with adiposity and inflammation in healthy adolescents.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                February 2017
                : 34
                : 1
                : 154-164
                Affiliations
                [02] Zaragoza orgnameCentro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Universidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2)
                [01] orgnameGobierno de Aragón orgdiv1Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) orgdiv2Unidad de Economía Agroalimentaria
                Article
                S0212-16112017000100023 S0212-1611(17)03400100023
                10.20960/nh.991
                0ecb25d7-9b72-4832-a805-015cb95f2223

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 July 2016
                : 17 October 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Prevención y control,Etiquetado nutricional,Prevention and control,Obesity,Food labelling,Obesidad

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