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      Mass Probation from Micro to Macro: Tracing the Expansion and Consequences of Community Supervision

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      Annual Review of Criminology
      Annual Reviews

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          Abstract

          Between 1980 and 2007, probation rates in the United States skyrocketed alongside imprisonment rates; since 2007, both forms of criminal justice control have declined in use. Although a large literature in criminology and related fields has explored the causes and consequences of mass incarceration, very little research has explored the parallel rise of mass probation. This review takes stock of our knowledge of probation in the United States. In the first section, I trace the expansion of probation historically, across states, and for specific demographic groups. I then summarize the characteristics of adults on probation today and what we know about probation revocation. Lastly, I review the nascent literature on the causal effects of probation for individuals, families, neighborhoods, and society. I end by discussing a plan for research and the growing movement to blunt the harms of mass supervision.

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          Most cited references58

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          THE NEW PENOLOGY: NOTES ON THE EMERGING STRATEGY OF CORRECTIONS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS*

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            Imprisoning CommunitiesHow Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Worse

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              Doing Time Together

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Annual Review of Criminology
                Annu. Rev. Criminol.
                Annual Reviews
                2572-4568
                2572-4568
                January 13 2020
                January 13 2020
                : 3
                : 1
                : 261-279
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
                Article
                10.1146/annurev-criminol-011419-041352
                0ec311a5-0d44-4b74-959e-cba03829161b
                © 2020
                History

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