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      Distribuição da comunidade de epífitas vasculares em sítios sob diferentes graus de perturbação na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, São Paulo, Brasil

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          Abstract

          (Distribuição da comunidade de epífitas vasculares em sítios sob diferentes graus de perturbação na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, São Paulo, Brasil). Apesar da importância de epífitas vasculares em refletir o grau de preservação local, existem poucas pesquisas sobre o tema. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, Iperó, SP, e teve por objetivo caracterizar e analisar a comunidade epifítica vascular em sítios sob diferentes graus de perturbação. Foram determinados três sítios: RIA - remanescente isolado/alterado, FAB - floresta avançada/borda e FAI - floresta avançada/interior e, em cada sítio, foram amostrados 90 forófitos com DAP ³ 20 cm. Foram estimamos os parâmetros de freqüência, dominância e diversidade com base na ocorrência das epífitas nos estratos e nos forófitos. No levantamento foram encontradas 21 espécies, 14 gêneros e seis famílias. O índice de diversidade Shannon (H') para toda a comunidade epifítica foi de 2,172, a equabilidade (J) = 0,713 e a riqueza de Margalef (d) = 2,467. A riqueza e a diversidade dos sítios foram de: 18 espécies, H' = 2,159, J = 0,747 e d = 2,180 para o Sítio RIA; sete espécies, H' = 1,270, J = 0,652 e d = 1,017 para o Sítio FAB; e 13 espécies, H' = 1,587, J = 0,618 e d = 1,919 para o Sítio FAI. Embora existam diferenças significativas entre os sítios RIA e FAB, e entre os sítios RIA e FAI, não houve variação significativa entre os sítios FAB e FAI. Essa pesquisa destaca a influência das alterações ambientais sobre as comunidades epifíticas e a importância de remanescentes florestais alterados ou mesmo árvores isoladas para a manutenção das epífitas vasculares.

          Translated abstract

          (Distribution of the community of vascular epiphytes in sites under different degrees of disturbance in the Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil). Despite the importance of vascular epiphytes to indicate the degree of local conservation, there is little research on this subject. The present research was performed in the Ipanema National Forest, Iperó, São Paulo, Brazil, aiming to characterize the vascular epiphytic community, to analyze their vertical distribution and to analyze the correlation among different sites. Three sites were considered: RIA - remnant isolated/modified, FAB - advanced forest/border, and FAI - advanced forest/inside. On each site 90 assorted trees (DBH ³ 20 cm) were sampled. Frequency, abundance and diversity parameters based on the occurrence of epiphytes in the strata and in the assorted trees were estimated. In the present survey 21 species belonging to 14 genera and six families were found. The Shannon index of diversity (H') for the whole epiphytic community was 2.272, the equability (J) = 0.713 and Margalef's richness (d) = 2.467. The richness and diversity of sites were: 18 species, H' = 2.159, J = 0.747 and d = 2.180 for the RIA site, seven species, H' = 1.270, J = 0.652 and d = 1.017 for the FAB site, and 13 species, H' = 1.587, J = 0.618 and d = 1.919 for the FAI site. Although there are significant differences among RIA to FAB and FAI, there is no difference between FAB and FAI. This research highlights the influence of environmental changes over epiphytic communities and the importance of disturbed forest remnants or even isolated trees to sustain the vascular epiphytes.

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          Most cited references52

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          Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement

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            Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress.

            Plants can have positive effects on each other. For example, the accumulation of nutrients, provision of shade, amelioration of disturbance, or protection from herbivores by some species can enhance the performance of neighbouring species. Thus the notion that the distributions and abundances of plant species are independent of other species may be inadequate as a theoretical underpinning for understanding species coexistence and diversity. But there have been no large-scale experiments designed to examine the generality of positive interactions in plant communities and their importance relative to competition. Here we show that the biomass, growth and reproduction of alpine plant species are higher when other plants are nearby. In an experiment conducted in subalpine and alpine plant communities with 115 species in 11 different mountain ranges, we find that competition generally, but not exclusively, dominates interactions at lower elevations where conditions are less physically stressful. In contrast, at high elevations where abiotic stress is high the interactions among plants are predominantly positive. Furthermore, across all high and low sites positive interactions are more important at sites with low temperatures in the early summer, but competition prevails at warmer sites.
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              Vascular epiphytes

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbb
                Brazilian Journal of Botany
                Braz. J. Bot.
                Sociedade Botânica de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0100-8404
                1806-9959
                September 2010
                : 33
                : 3
                : 501-512
                Affiliations
                [01] São Carlos SP orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Carlos orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde orgdiv2Departamento de Hidrobiologia Brasil
                [02] São Paulo SP orgnameInstituto de Botânica orgdiv1Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Ornamentais Brasil
                Article
                S0100-84042010000300012 S0100-8404(10)03300312
                10.1590/S0100-84042010000300012
                0e2aec68-ac1b-451a-86f8-153db0994178

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 August 2010
                : 08 April 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo de Revisão

                phytosociology of epiphytes,Atlantic Forest,environmental change,alterações ambientais,fitossociologia de epífitas,Mata Atlântica

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