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Abstract

The gender paradigm of intimate partner violence (IPV) research and theory has strongly influenced scholarly work on parental alienation. This paradigm has created a false “divide” between IPV and parental alienation scholars and professionals who work in these areas and has created unproductive and unnecessary conflict. This chapter highlights and draws parallels between research on IPV and parental alienating behaviors (PABs) to illustrate that they describe the same phenomenon. We also draw parallels in the research on how IPV and PABs affect the targets of these behaviors, their similarities in the patterns of abuse and motives of the perpetrator, and explore how children are affected. Finally, we detail how the gender paradigm has created controversies and the suppression of parental alienation and offers some solutions and suggestions on how this false divide can be bridged.

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The varieties of grief experience.

George Bonanno, Stacey Kaltman (2001)

The bereavement literature has yet to show consensus on a clear definition of normal and abnormal or complicated grief reactions. According to DSM-IV, bereavement is a stressor event that warrants a clinical diagnosis only in extreme cases when other DSM categories of psychopathology (e.g., Major Depression) are evident. In contrast, bereavement theorists have proposed a number of different types of abnormal grief reactions, including those in which grief is masked or delayed. In this article, we review empirical evidence on the longitudinal course, phenomenological features, and possible diagnostic relevance of grief reactions. This evidence was generally consistent with the DSM-IV's view of bereavement and provided little support for more complicated taxonomies. Most bereaved individuals showed moderate disruptions in functioning during the first year after a loss, while more chronic symptoms were evidenced by a relatively small minority. Further, those individuals showing chronic grief reactions can be relatively easily accommodated by existing diagnostic categories. Finally, we found no evidence to support the proposed delayed grief category. We close by suggesting directions for subsequent research.