A Narrative Review of Ocular Surface Disease Related to Anti-Glaucomatous Medications

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Abstract

Topical anti-glaucomatous medications are still the most important measure to lower intraocular pressure. Large number of studies have confirmed that long-term use of anti-glaucomatous eye drops, especially containing benzalkonium chloride, a preservative, can cause or aggravate ocular surface injury. Ocular surface diseases damage the ocular microenvironmental health status, reduce the patients’ compliance with the treatment, and finally affect the treatment result. Therefore, the ocular surface management of patients with glaucoma is very important. This includes the selection of drugs that are better tolerated according to individual conditions, preservative-free formulations, drugs that protect against ocular surface disease, or selecting surgery and laser treatment, to prevent the damage to the ocular surface by topical anti-glaucomatous drugs.

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TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report

Florence Malet, Kaevalin Lekhanont, Isabelle Jalbert … (2017)

The subcommittee reviewed the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, natural history, morbidity and questionnaires reported in epidemiological studies of dry eye disease (DED). A meta-analysis of published prevalence data estimated the impact of age and sex. Global mapping of prevalence was undertaken. The prevalence of DED ranged from 5 to 50%. The prevalence of signs was higher and more variable than symptoms. There were limited prevalence studies in youth and in populations south of the equator. The meta-analysis confirmed that prevalence increases with age, however signs showed a greater increase per decade than symptoms. Women have a higher prevalence of DED than men, although differences become significant only with age. Risk factors were categorized as modifiable/non-modifiable, and as consistent, probable or inconclusive. Asian ethnicity was a mostly consistent risk factor. The economic burden and impact of DED on vision, quality of life, work productivity, psychological and physical impact of pain, are considerable, particularly costs due to reduced work productivity. Questionnaires used to evaluate DED vary in their utility. Future research should establish the prevalence of disease of varying severity, the incidence in different populations and potential risk factors such as youth and digital device usage. Geospatial mapping might elucidate the impact of climate, environment and socioeconomic factors. Given the limited study of the natural history of treated and untreated DED, this remains an important area for future research.

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The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: baseline factors that predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma.

Mae Gordon, Julia A Beiser, James Brandt … (2002)

The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) has shown that topical ocular hypotensive medication is effective in delaying or preventing the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals with elevated intraocular pressure (ocular hypertension) and no evidence of glaucomatous damage. To describe baseline demographic and clinical factors that predict which participants in the OHTS developed POAG. Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected prior to randomization except for corneal thickness measurements, which were performed during follow-up. Proportional hazards models were used to identify factors that predicted which participants in the OHTS developed POAG. In univariate analyses, baseline factors that predicted the development of POAG included older age, race (African American), sex (male), larger vertical cup-disc ratio, larger horizontal cup-disc ratio, higher intraocular pressure, greater Humphrey visual field pattern standard deviation, heart disease, and thinner central corneal measurement. In multivariate analyses, baseline factors that predicted the development of POAG included older age, larger vertical or horizontal cup-disc ratio, higher intraocular pressure, greater pattern standard deviation, and thinner central corneal measurement. Baseline age, vertical and horizontal cup-disc ratio, pattern standard deviation, and intraocular pressure were good predictors for the onset of POAG in the OHTS. Central corneal thickness was found to be a powerful predictor for the development of POAG.

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TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report

Terry Kim, José Gomes, Dimitri T. Azar … (2017)

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Author and article information

Contributors

Xuanchu Duan:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3148-1703

duanxchu@csu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ophthalmol Ther

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ophthalmol Ther

Title: Ophthalmology and Therapy

Publisher: Springer Healthcare (Cheshire )

ISSN (Print): 2193-8245

ISSN (Electronic): 2193-6528

Publication date (Electronic): 9 August 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 9 August 2022

Publication date (Print): October 2022

Volume: 11

Issue: 5

Pages: 1681-1704

Affiliations

[1 ]Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province China

[2 ]GRID grid.452708.c, ISNI 0000 0004 1803 0208, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ; Changsha, Hunan Province China

[3 ]GRID grid.216417.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0379 7164, Aier School of Ophthalmology, , Central South University, ; Changsha, Hunan Province China

Author information

Xuanchu Duan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3148-1703

Article

Publisher ID: 557

DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00557-0

PMC ID: 9437175

PubMed ID: 35943668

SO-VID: 0d5bbf54-51b7-477d-ba62-653c8def4ccf

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

History

Date received : 1 July 2022

Date accepted : 29 July 2022

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 81970801