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      Risk Factors Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Apparently Healthy People and the Role of MicroRNAs

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          Abstract

          BACKGROUND:

          Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal ageing and the serious decline of dementia.

          AIM:

          To identify risk factors and role of miRNAs associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among employees.

          SUBJECTS AND METHOD:

          A cross-sectional study was carried out on 186 employees aged between 40 and 65 years. Cognitive function was evaluated using ACEIII, MoCA, and Quick cognitive tests. Medical history and lifestyle were assessed. Family 132 & 134 miRNA expressions were assessed by real-time PCR.

          RESULTS:

          MCI was detected among 14 / 186 (7.5%). miRNA 132 expression was the only significant miRNAs to detect MCI with low sensitivity and specificity (70%). The logistic analysis revealed that higher miRNA132 expressions, low monthly intake of; vegetables, unroasted nuts, low education and higher ALT levels were predicting factors for MCI with AOR 1.1 (1.01-3.3), 1.2 (1.04-1.43), 0.8 (0.8-0.98), 2.7 (1.9-7.4) and 1.6 (1.1-2.3) respectively.

          CONCLUSION:

          MiRNAs expression showed low sensitivity and specificity in detecting MCI; only miRNA 132 might be used. Several modifiable factors seem to reduce the risk of MCI.

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          Connecting microRNA genes to the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of embryonic stem cells.

          Alexander Marson, Stuart S. Levine, Megan Cole … (2008)
          MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for normal embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal and cellular differentiation, but how miRNA gene expression is controlled by the key transcriptional regulators of ES cells has not been established. We describe here the transcriptional regulatory circuitry of ES cells that incorporates protein-coding and miRNA genes based on high-resolution ChIP-seq data, systematic identification of miRNA promoters, and quantitative sequencing of short transcripts in multiple cell types. We find that the key ES cell transcription factors are associated with promoters for miRNAs that are preferentially expressed in ES cells and with promoters for a set of silent miRNA genes. This silent set of miRNA genes is co-occupied by Polycomb group proteins in ES cells and shows tissue-specific expression in differentiated cells. These data reveal how key ES cell transcription factors promote the ES cell miRNA expression program and integrate miRNAs into the regulatory circuitry controlling ES cell identity.
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            Frequency and course of mild cognitive impairment in a multiethnic community.

            Yaakov Stern, Nicole Schupf, Ming Tang … (2008)
            To examine incidence rates and antecedents of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) among diverse elders without dementia at the initial visit, and to examine the characteristics of elders with MCI who reverted to normal on follow-up examination. A total of 2,364 Caribbean Hispanic, black, or non-Hispanic white subjects, aged 65 or older, who were free of dementia at initial evaluation were followed up every 18 to 24 months. Incidence rate of MCI and AD was determined by examination of neurological, medical, psychiatric, and neuropsychological function. Over 10,517 person-years, 21% of normal elderly subjects progressed to MCI (annual incidence rate, 5.1%; 95% confidence interval, 4.6-5.6%). Of those with MCI initially, 21.8% were subsequently diagnosed with AD (annual incidence rate, 5.4%; 95% confidence interval, 4.7-6.3%), 47% remained unchanged, and 31% reverted to normal. Those with MCI were 2.8 times more likely to experience development of AD than normal elderly subjects. MCI with impairment in memory and at least one other cognitive domain was associated with greatest risk for progression to AD and was also least likely to revert to normal at follow-up. Consistent diagnosis of MCI or incident probable or possible AD was 60% sensitive and 94% specific for the pathological diagnosis of AD. Impaired memory and language were useful predictors of transition to AD. Reversion to normal from MCI was frequent, but those with impairment in more than one cognitive domain were more likely to progress or remain impaired than those with single-domain impairment. Clinical diagnosis of MCI does not always predict AD neuropathology.
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              Perimenopause as a neurological transition state.

              Roberta Brinton, JIA-MEI YAO, Fei Yin … (2015)
              Perimenopause is a midlife transition state experienced by women that occurs in the context of a fully functioning neurological system and results in reproductive senescence. Although primarily viewed as a reproductive transition, the symptoms of perimenopause are largely neurological in nature. Neurological symptoms that emerge during perimenopause are indicative of disruption in multiple estrogen-regulated systems (including thermoregulation, sleep, circadian rhythms and sensory processing) and affect multiple domains of cognitive function. Estrogen is a master regulator that functions through a network of estrogen receptors to ensure that the brain effectively responds at rapid, intermediate and long timescales to regulate energy metabolism in the brain via coordinated signalling and transcriptional pathways. The estrogen receptor network becomes uncoupled from the bioenergetic system during the perimenopausal transition and, as a corollary, a hypometabolic state associated with neurological dysfunction can develop. For some women, this hypometabolic state might increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases later in life. The perimenopausal transition might also represent a window of opportunity to prevent age-related neurological diseases. This Review considers the importance of neurological symptoms in perimenopause in the context of their relationship to the network of estrogen receptors that control metabolism in the brain.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Open Access Maced J Med Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Open Access Maced J Med Sci
                Title: Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
                Publisher: Republic of Macedonia (ID Design 2012/DOOEL Skopje )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1857-9655
                Publication date Collection: 15 October 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 October 2019
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 19
                Pages: 3253-3261
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
                [2 ]Clinical and Chemical Pathology Medical Division, Centre of Excellence, Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
                [3 ]Internal Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondence: Iman I. Salama. Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. E-mail: salamaiman@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: OAMJMS-7-3253
                DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.834
                PMC ID: 6953955
                PubMed ID: 31949526
                SO-VID: 0c4dd6d6-4256-451f-ba54-34bfe7380f58
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2019 Iman I. Salama, Somaia I. Salama, Dalia M. Elmosalami, Rehan M. Saleh, Hanaa Rasmy, Mona Hamed Ibrahim, Solaf Ahmed Kamel, Mona Mostafa, Hala M. Raslan.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)

                History
                Date received : 17 August 2019
                Date revision received : 18 September 2019
                Date accepted : 19 September 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Clinical Science

                Keywords: mild cognitive impairment,lifestyle style,family 132 & 134 mirna
                Data availability:
                Keywords: mild cognitive impairment, lifestyle style, family 132 & 134 mirna

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