The dynamics of Cenozoic and Mesozoic plate motions

Lithgow-Bertelloni, Carolina; Richards, Mark A.

doi:10.1029/97RG02282

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The dynamics of Cenozoic and Mesozoic plate motions

Author(s): Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni , Mark A. Richards

Publication date Created: February 1998

Publication date (Print): February 1998

Journal: Reviews of Geophysics

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

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Present-day plate motions

Thomas Jordan, J. Bernard Minster (1978)

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Rheology of the upper mantle: a synthesis.

S Karato, P Wu (1993)

Rheological properties of the upper mantle of the Earth play an important role in the dynamics of the lithosphere and asthenosphere. However, such fundamental issues as the dominant mechanisms of flow have not been well resolved. A synthesis of laboratory studies and geophysical and geological observations shows that transitions between diffusion and dislocation creep likely occur in the Earth's upper mantle. The hot and shallow upper mantle flows by dislocation creep, whereas cold and shallow or deep upper mantle may flow by diffusion creep. When the stress increases, grain size is reduced and the upper mantle near the transition between these two regimes is weakened. Consequently, deformation is localized and the upper mantle is decoupled mechanically near these depths.