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      Situação atual da detecção precoce do câncer cérvico-uterino no Brasil

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          Abstract

          As neoplasias malignas foram responsáveis, em 1980, por 9,5% das mortes registradas no país. Entre as mulheres acima de 15 anos, constituíram a segunda causa de mortalidade proporcional, sendo superadas apenas pelas doenças do aparelho circulatório. O câncer cérvico-uterino ocupou posição de destaque, correspondendo a quase 10% dos óbitos nesse grupo. A experiência internacional tem demonstrado a eficácia da detecção precoce através da citopatologia vaginal no controle desta neoplasia. No Brasil, no entanto, avaliação realizada, em 1984, evidenciou que as Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde desenvolvem esta atividade em apenas 7% das unidades da rede básica, não alcançando 2% de cobertura das mulheres adultas. O INAMPS, maior prestador de cuidados médico-assistenciais no país, não tem informações sobre os exames citológicos realizados. A cobertura da assistência ginecológica é de apenas 15% das mulheres acima de 15 anos. É portanto necessário um amplo esforço de articulação interinstitucional para superação do estágio rudimentar em que se situa o controle do câncer cérvico-uterino no país. A definição de estratégias comuns no aproveitamento dos recursos existentes e a inserção da atividade de detecção precoce na assistência integral à saúde da mulher podem resultar em expressiva expansão da cobertura, garantindo-se, ainda, o aumento dos graus de efetividade e eficiência.

          Translated abstract

          In 1980, malignant neoplasm was responsible for 9.5% of the deaths recorded in the country. Among women over 15, it was the second cause of proportional mortality surpassed only by circulatory diseases. Cervical cancer was a major cause, responsible for almost 10% of deaths in this group. International experience has demonstrated the effectiveness of early detection through vaginal cytopathology. A survey made in 1984, however, showed that Brazilian State Health Departments have developed this activity in only 7% of their basic network units - which covers less than 2% of the adult women population. INAMPS, the country's largest supplier of health and care services keeps no records of cytological examinations performed. Gynecological assistance is given to only 15% women over 15. It is necessary, therefore, to make an ample inter-institutional effort to overcome the country's rudimentary stage of cervical cancer control. The definition of common strategies for the utilization of existing resources and the insertion of early diagnosis activities in health assistance programs for women will certainly result in an expressive expansion of coverage and assure improvement of the levels of effectiveness and efficiency.

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          Most cited references19

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          Efficacy of screening for cervical cancer: a review.

          Cytologic screening for cervical cancer currently enjoys wide acceptance, but there remains controversy in the literature concerning its efficacy in prolonging life. On the basis of a literature review, several conclusions are reached: 1) Cervical screening can identify women who are at greater-than-average risk of developing invasive cervical cancer by detecting asymptomatic lesions that would frequently progress to invasion if left untreated; 2) Therapy based on confirmed positive smears can reduce the incidence and mortality rates of invasive cervical cancer, as shown by declining rates in many centers that had constant or increasing rates before screening began, lower rates for geographic areas and occupational groups having less screening, and lower rates among screened women than unscreened women; and 3) Attempts to estimate the amount of life prolongation attributable to cervical screening have not yet yielded reliable figures, because of difficulties with the models or data used. However, in view of the available evidence, it is suggested that incomplete data should not prevent a vigorous continuation of screening where it is already extensive, and an escalation where it is not.
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            Estatísticas de mortalidade: Brasil 1981

            (1984)
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              Changing patterns of cervical cancer rates.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                March 1986
                : 2
                : 1
                : 53-65
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Nacional de Câncer Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X1986000100005
                10.1590/S0102-311X1986000100005
                0b9c835f-ff69-4075-b649-31d584bac1f5

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Public health

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