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      Clinicopathological pattern of breast lesions in children and adolescents

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          Abstract

          Background

          Breast lesions are not common in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to retrospectively survey the clinicopathological pattern of breast lesions in children and adolescents in our setting.

          Materials and method

          This is a retrospective study of all breast specimens from children and adolescents that were histopathologically diagnosed in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital.

          Results

          The youngest patients seen were 11 years old, with mean age of 17.1 ± 1.91. The commonest clinical diagnoses were fibroadenoma (n=134, 72.4%). Thirty-five-point seven percent of the patients presented within 6 months of noticing the lump. The mean size of the lumps was 6.2cm ± 3.9. Fibroadenoma was the most common benign diagnosis and the most common histopathologic diagnosis in this study. The mean age of patients with fibroadenoma was 17.15±1.83.

          Conclusion

          The pattern of breast lesions in adolescents in Uyo is similar to that from other parts of Nigeria.

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          Most cited references35

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          Childhood and adolescent cancer statistics, 2014.

          Elizabeth Ward, Carol DeSantis, Anthony Robbins … (2014)
          In this article, the American Cancer Society provides estimates of the number of new cancer cases and deaths for children and adolescents in the United States and summarizes the most recent and comprehensive data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (which are reported in detail for the first time here and include high-quality data from 45 states and the District of Columbia, covering 90% of the US population). In 2014, an estimated 15,780 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed and 1960 deaths from cancer will occur among children and adolescents aged birth to 19 years. The annual incidence rate of cancer in children and adolescents is 186.6 per 1 million children aged birth to 19 years. Approximately 1 in 285 children will be diagnosed with cancer before age 20 years, and approximately 1 in 530 young adults between the ages of 20 and 39 years is a childhood cancer survivor. It is therefore likely that most pediatric and primary care practices will be involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of young patients and survivors. In addition to cancer statistics, this article will provide an overview of risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and long-term and late effects for common pediatric cancers. © 2014 American Cancer Society, Inc.
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            Development of the human breast.

            Asma Javed, Aida Lteif (2013)
            Mammalia are so named based on the presence of the mammary gland in the breast. The mammary gland is an epidermal appendage, derived from the apocrine glands. The human breast consists of the parenchyma and stroma, originating from ectodermal and mesodermal elements, respectively. Development of the human breast is distinctive for several reasons. The human breast houses the mammary gland that produces and delivers milk through development of an extensive tree-like network of branched ducts. It is also characterized by cellular plasticity, with extensive remodeling in adulthood, a factor that increases its susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Also, breast development occurs in distinct stages via complex epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, orchestrated by signaling pathways under the regulation of systemic hormones. Congenital and acquired disorders of the breast often have a basis in development, making its study essential to understanding breast pathology.
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              Fibroadenomas in adolescence.

              Yasmin Jayasinghe, Cameron P. Simmons (2009)
              Fibroadenomas are the most common breast masses in adolescent women, therefore it is important that health providers understand their assessment and management. This review discusses an approach to investigation and management of fibroadenomas in adolescents. Fibroadenomas are benign tumors which commonly present in late adolescence. They are classified according to their histology and size. Simple fibroadenomas are the most common type and usually present as smooth mobile masses up to 3 cm in diameter. Giant fibroadenomas are more uncommon but typically present in adolescence. Fibroadenomas associated with other soft-tissue masses should raise the possibility of an inherited syndrome. Assessment of breast masses in this age group generally involves clinical assessment through history and physical examination and, when imaging is needed, ultrasonography. As the incidence of primary breast malignancy is very low in this age group, core biopsy is not routinely recommended. Large or rapidly growing tumors, or those associated with suspicious features, warrant surgical excision. New minimally invasive excision techniques are being introduced which are associated with high initial success rates. Whereas the vast majority of fibroadenomas in teenagers may be monitored with surveillance alone, new minimally invasive techniques may play an important role in the management of selected patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Afr Health Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Afr Health Sci
                Title: African Health Sciences
                Publisher: Makerere Medical School (Kampala, Uganda )
                ISSN (Print): 1680-6905
                ISSN (Electronic): 1729-0503
                Publication date (Print): September 2023
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 228-235
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Pathology, University of Uyo
                [2 ] Department of Surgery, University of Uyo
                [3 ] Department of Histopathology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Nwafor Chukwuemeka Charles, Department of Pathology, University of Uyo Tel: +234 (0)8102462487 firstcocsin@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: jAFHS.v23.i3.pg228
                DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i3.28
                PMC ID: 10862575
                PubMed ID: 38357104
                SO-VID: 0b2a4f2b-e2e8-4047-a9da-667dfbff2c83
                Copyright © © 2023 Nwafor CC et al.
                License:

                Licensee African Health Sciences. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Articles

                Keywords: adolescents,benign,breast lesions,fibroadenoma
                Data availability:
                Keywords: adolescents, benign, breast lesions, fibroadenoma

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