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      Assessment of contextual factors shaping delivery and uptake of isoniazid preventive therapy among people living with HIV in Dar es salaam, Tanzania

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          Abstract

          Background

          Tuberculosis has remained a leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is the recommended strategy by the World Health Organization to prevent TB disease and related deaths among PLHIV. However, delivery and uptake of IPT has remained suboptimal particularly in countries where HIV and TB are endemic such as Tanzania. This study sought to assess contextual factors that shape delivery and uptake of IPT in Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania.

          Methodology

          We employed a qualitative case study design comprising of in-depth interviews with people living with HIV (n = 17), as well as key informant interviews with clinicians (n = 7) and health administrators (n = 7). We used thematic data analysis approach and reporting of the results was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

          Results

          Characteristics of IPT such as aligning the therapy to individual patient schedules and its relatively low cost facilitated its delivery and uptake. On the contrary, perceived adverse side effects negatively affected the delivery and uptake of IPT. Characteristics of individuals delivering the therapy including their knowledge, good attitudes, and commitment to meeting set targets facilitated the delivery and uptake of IPT. The process of IPT delivery comprised collective planning and collaboration among various facilities which facilitated its delivery and uptake. Organisational characteristics including communication among units and supportive leadership facilitated the delivery and uptake of IPT. External system factors including HIV stigma, negative cultural and religious values, limited funding as well as shortage of skilled healthcare workers presented as barriers to the delivery and uptake of IPT.

          Conclusion

          The factors influencing the delivery and uptake of IPT among people living with HIV are multifaceted and exist at different levels of the health system. Therefore, it is imperative that IPT program implementers and policy makers adopt multilevel approaches that address the identified barriers and leverage the facilitators in delivery and uptake of IPT at both community and health system levels.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07867-5.

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          Most cited references29

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          Outcomes associated with matching patients' treatment preferences to physicians' recommendations: study methodology

          Background Patients often express strong preferences for the forms of treatment available for their disease. Incorporating these preferences into the process of treatment decision-making might improve patients' adherence to treatment, contributing to better outcomes. We describe the methodology used in a study aiming to assess treatment outcomes when patients' preferences for treatment are closely matched to recommended treatments. Method Participants included patients with moderate and severe psoriasis attending outpatient dermatology clinics at the University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany. A self-administered online survey used conjoint analysis to measure participants' preferences for psoriasis treatment options at the initial study visit. Physicians' treatment recommendations were abstracted from each participant's medical records. The Preference Matching Index (PMI), a measure of concordance between the participant's preferences for treatment and the physician's recommended treatment, was determined for each participant at t1 (initial study visit). A clinical outcome measure, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, and two participant-derived outcomes assessing treatment satisfaction and health related quality of life were employed at t1, t2 (twelve weeks post-t1) and t3 (twelve weeks post-t2). Change in outcomes was assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The association between participants' PMI scores at t1 and outcomes at t2 and t3 was evaluated using multivariate regressions analysis. Discussion We describe methods for capturing concordance between patients' treatment preferences and recommended treatment and for assessing its association with specific treatment outcomes. The methods are intended to promote the incorporation of patients' preferences in treatment decision-making, enhance treatment satisfaction, and improve treatment effectiveness through greater adherence.
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            Surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in hospitals in the WHO European region - an exploratory analysis of risk factors for a severe outcome in influenza-positive SARI cases

            Background The 2009 H1N1 pandemic highlighted the need to routinely monitor severe influenza, which lead to the establishment of sentinel hospital-based surveillance of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in several countries in Europe. The objective of this study is to describe characteristics of SARI patients and to explore risk factors for a severe outcome in influenza-positive SARI patients. Methods Data on hospitalised patients meeting a syndromic SARI case definition between 2009 and 2012 from nine countries in Eastern Europe (Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Russian Federation and Ukraine) were included in this study. An exploratory analysis was performed to assess the association between risk factors and a severe (ICU, fatal) outcome in influenza-positive SARI patients using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Nine countries reported a total of 13,275 SARI patients. The majority of SARI patients reported in these countries were young children. A total of 12,673 SARI cases (95%) were tested for influenza virus and 3377 (27%) were laboratory confirmed. The majority of tested SARI cases were from Georgia, the Russian Federation and Ukraine and the least were from Kyrgyzstan. The proportion positive varied by country, season and age group, with a tendency to a higher proportion positive in the 15+ yrs age group in six of the countries. ICU admission and fatal outcome were most often recorded for influenza-positive SARI cases aged >15 yrs. An exploratory analysis using pooled data from influenza-positive SARI cases in three countries showed that age > 15 yrs, having lung, heart, kidney or liver disease, and being pregnant were independently associated with a fatal outcome. Conclusions Countries in Eastern Europe have been able to collect data through routine monitoring of severe influenza and results on risk factors for a severe outcome in influenza-positive SARI cases have identified several risk groups. This is especially relevant in the light of an overall low vaccination uptake and antiviral use in Eastern Europe, since information on risk factors will help in targeting and prioritising vulnerable populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0722-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              Clinical practice guidelines for the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain in primary healthcare: a systematic review

              Background Up-to-date, high quality, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) that are applicable for primary healthcare are vital to optimize services for the population with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP). The study aimed to systematically identify and appraise the available evidence-based CPGs for the management of CMSP in adults presenting in primary healthcare settings. Methods A systematic review was conducted. Twelve guideline clearinghouses and six electronic databases were searched for eligible CPGs published between the years 2000 and May 2015. CPGs meeting the inclusion criteria were appraised by three reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II. Results Of the 1082 records identified, 34 were eligible, and 12 CPGs were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological rigor of CPG development was highly variable, and the median domain score was 66%. The median score for stakeholder involvement was 64%. The lowest median score was obtained for the domain applicability (48%). There was inconsistent use of frameworks to aggregate the level of evidence and the strength of the recommendation in the included CPGs. The scope and content of the included CPGs focussed on opioid prescription. Conclusion Numerous CPGs that are applicable for the primary healthcare of CMSP exists, varying in their scope and methodological quality. This study highlights specific elements to enhance the development and reporting of CPGs, which may play a role in the uptake of guidelines into clinical practice. These elements include enhanced reporting of methodological aspects, the use of frameworks to enhance decision making processes, the inclusion of patient preferences and values, and the consideration of factors influencing applicability of recommendations. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42015022098. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0533-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                renny.fabby@gmail.com
                adam.silumbwe@umu.se
                Journal
                BMC Infect Dis
                BMC Infect Dis
                BMC Infectious Diseases
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2334
                24 November 2022
                24 November 2022
                2022
                : 22
                : 884
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.12984.36, ISNI 0000 0000 8914 5257, Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, , University of Zambia, ; Ridgeway Campus, Lusaka, Zambia
                [2 ]GRID grid.12650.30, ISNI 0000 0001 1034 3451, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, , Umeå University, ; 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
                [3 ]GRID grid.12984.36, ISNI 0000 0000 8914 5257, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, , University of Zambia, ; Ridgeway Campus, Lusaka, Zambia
                [4 ]GRID grid.461293.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1797 1065, Haydom Lutheran Hospital, ; Manyara, Tanzania
                [5 ]GRID grid.5379.8, ISNI 0000000121662407, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Works, , University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, ; Manchester, UK
                [6 ]GRID grid.490706.c, Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender Elderly and Children, ; Dodoma, Tanzania
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-1328
                Article
                7867
                10.1186/s12879-022-07867-5
                9700944
                34983406
                0aa894c2-839e-414a-a573-6a1b563745d4
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 22 December 2021
                : 10 November 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: WHO/TDR Postgraduate Scholarship package
                Funded by: Umea University
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                isoniazid preventive therapy,tuberculosis,delivery,uptake,hiv,tanzania

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