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      Rethinking Bias to Achieve Maternal Health Equity : Changing Organizations, Not Just Individuals

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      , PhD , , MD, MPH, , MD, MAS, , PhD
      Obstetrics and Gynecology
      Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

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          Abstract

          To reduce and eliminate Black–White maternal health disparities, we must enact solutions that address systemic biases.

          Abstract

          In this article, we address the limitations of existing implicit bias interventions as a strategy for achieving maternal health equity. We then focus on how institutionally sanctioned racial stereotyping harms Black maternal health and marginalizes a key group in the fight for health equity—Black physicians. Finally, we provide strategies to address racial bias in perinatal health care and structural barriers impeding Black physicians' success.

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          Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites.

          Black Americans are systematically undertreated for pain relative to white Americans. We examine whether this racial bias is related to false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites (e.g., "black people's skin is thicker than white people's skin"). Study 1 documented these beliefs among white laypersons and revealed that participants who more strongly endorsed false beliefs about biological differences reported lower pain ratings for a black (vs. white) target. Study 2 extended these findings to the medical context and found that half of a sample of white medical students and residents endorsed these beliefs. Moreover, participants who endorsed these beliefs rated the black (vs. white) patient's pain as lower and made less accurate treatment recommendations. Participants who did not endorse these beliefs rated the black (vs. white) patient's pain as higher, but showed no bias in treatment recommendations. These findings suggest that individuals with at least some medical training hold and may use false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites to inform medical judgments, which may contribute to racial disparities in pain assessment and treatment.
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            A model of dual attitudes.

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              A Theory of Racialized Organizations

              Victor Ray (2019)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Obstet Gynecol
                Obstet Gynecol
                ong
                Obstetrics and Gynecology
                Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
                0029-7844
                1873-233X
                May 2021
                06 April 2021
                : 137
                : 5
                : 935-940
                Affiliations
                Departments of Population Health Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; and the Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Tiffany L. Green, PhD, Departments of Population Health Sciences and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; email: tlgreen2@ 123456wisc.edu .
                Article
                ONG-20-3343 00026
                10.1097/AOG.0000000000004363
                8055190
                33831936
                0a9735bb-b5c0-4e2f-943b-e0c43535a80b
                © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

                History
                : 18 December 2020
                : 05 February 2021
                : 18 February 2021
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