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      Consideraciones metodológicas y éticas para la conducción de ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados (ECCA) sobre intervenciones para las adicciones Translated title: Methodological and ethical aspects in conducting randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) for addictive disorder's interventions

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          Abstract

          Según reportes epidemiológicos, el consumo nocivo de alcohol y drogas ilegales dentro de la población mexicana ha ido en aumento, lo que se asocia a varios riesgos o problemáticas que afectan la salud y bienestar públicos del país. Se reconoce la necesidad de desarrollar modelos de tratamiento e intervenciones cuyo valor terapéutico esté respaldado por la evidencia científica, que respondan a las necesidades de atención de la población afectada por el consumo de sustancias en nuestro país y que puedan generalizarse en la práctica clínica comunitaria. Dentro de la investigación clínica, el "estándar de oro" para demostrar el efecto de una intervención terapéutica son los ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados (ECCA). Un ECCA es un estudio prospectivo en el cual se prueba el efecto, valor y seguridad de una o varias intervenciones experimentales contra una intervención "control" en sujetos humanos. Reconociendo que en México hay una falta de investigaciones sobre tratamientos para las adicciones que cumplan con todos los requisitos para ser considerados ECCA, en este artículo se presentan distintas consideraciones metodológicas y éticas que deben tomarse en cuenta para su diseño y conducción en la materia; abarcando aspectos que parten desde el establecimiento de una pregunta y objetivos relevantes hasta el diseño adecuado del estudio y el desarrollo de estrategias para la administración de datos, análisis estadístico, monitoreo de las intervenciones, monitoreo de seguridad y aseguramiento de la calidad de la investigación y protección de los sujetos humanos que participan.

          Translated abstract

          According to epidemiologic reports, the harmful use of alcohol and illicit drugs has increased among the Mexican population. This use is associated to several risks and issues that affect public health and the public well-being of the country. In this article it is acknowledged the need for development of treatment models and interventions whose therapeutic value is demonstrated by scientific evidence, that respond to the attention needs of the population affected by substance use in our country and that can be generalized in community clinical practice. In clinical research, randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT's) are the "gold standard" to demonstrate the effect of a therapeutic intervention. A randomized controlled clinical trial is a prospective study in which the effect, value and safety of one or various experimental interventions are tested against a "control" intervention in human subjects. Acknowledging that in Mexico there is a lack of research on addiction treatment that is compliant with all the requirements to be considered as an RCT, this article presents some methodological and ethical considerations that are neccesary for their design and conduction. These considerations include from the establishment of a relevant research question and objectives, adequate study design, development of strategies for data management, statistical analysis, monitoring of interventions, safety monitoring and research quality assurance and protection of human subjects.

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          Most cited references119

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          SPIRIT 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials.

          The protocol of a clinical trial serves as the foundation for study planning, conduct, reporting, and appraisal. However, trial protocols and existing protocol guidelines vary greatly in content and quality. This article describes the systematic development and scope of SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) 2013, a guideline for the minimum content of a clinical trial protocol.The 33-item SPIRIT checklist applies to protocols for all clinical trials and focuses on content rather than format. The checklist recommends a full description of what is planned; it does not prescribe how to design or conduct a trial. By providing guidance for key content, the SPIRIT recommendations aim to facilitate the drafting of high-quality protocols. Adherence to SPIRIT would also enhance the transparency and completeness of trial protocols for the benefit of investigators, trial participants, patients, sponsors, funders, research ethics committees or institutional review boards, peer reviewers, journals, trial registries, policymakers, regulators, and other key stakeholders.
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            The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel group randomized trials

            To comprehend the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), readers must understand its design, conduct, analysis and interpretation. That goal can only be achieved through complete transparency from authors. Despite several decades of educational efforts, the reporting of RCTs needs improvement. Investigators and editors developed the original CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to help authors improve reporting by using a checklist and flow diagram. The revised CONSORT statement presented in this paper incorporates new evidence and addresses some criticisms of the original statement. The checklist items pertain to the content of the Title, Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion. The revised checklist includes 22-items selected because empirical evidence indicates that not reporting the information is associated with biasedestimates of treatment effect or the information is essential to judge the reliability or relevance of the findings. We intended the flow diagram to depict the passage of participants through an RCT. The revised flow diagram depicts information from four stages of a trial (enrolment, intervention allocation, follow-up, and analysis). The diagram explicitly includes the number of participants, for each intervention group, included in the primary data analysis. Inclusion of these numbers allows the reader to judge whether the authors have performed an intention-to-treat analysis. In sum, the CONSORT statement is intended to improve the reporting of an RCT, enabling readers to understand a trial's conduct and to assess the validity of its results.
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              Medication compliance and persistence: terminology and definitions.

              The aim of the study is to provide guidance regarding the meaning and use of the terms "compliance" and "persistence" as they relate to the study of medication use. A literature review and debate on appropriate terminology and definitions were carried out. Medication compliance and medication persistence are two different constructs. Medication compliance (synonym: adherence) refers to the degree or extent of conformity to the recommendations about day-to-day treatment by the provider with respect to the timing, dosage, and frequency. It may be defined as "the extent to which a patient acts in accordance with the prescribed interval, and dose of a dosing regimen." Medication persistence refers to the act of continuing the treatment for the prescribed duration. It may be defined as "the duration of time from initiation to discontinuation of therapy." No overarching term combines these two distinct constructs. Providing specific definitions for compliance and persistence is important for sound quantitative expressions of patients' drug dosing histories and their explanatory power for clinical and economic events. Adoption of these definitions by health outcomes researchers will provide a consistent framework and lexicon for research.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sm
                Salud mental
                Salud Ment
                Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (México, DF, Mexico )
                0185-3325
                June 2013
                : 36
                : 3
                : 253-265
                Affiliations
                [03] México DF orgnameInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. orgdiv1Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas. rmarin@ 123456inprf.gob.mx
                [01] orgnameInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. orgdiv1Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas.
                [02] orgnameInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz.
                Article
                S0185-33252013000300011 S0185-3325(13)03600300011
                0a804a61-1c96-4031-b7f7-b7efb59c97f8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 66, Pages: 13
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                SciELO Mexico

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                Artículos originales

                tratamiento,ensayos clínicos controlados,controlled clinical trials,Trastornos por consumo de sustancias,metodología,methodology,ensayos clínicos aleatorizados,ethical aspects,Substance use disorders,randomized clinical trials,aspectos éticos,treatment

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