Voter Identification Requirements and Aggregate Turnout in the U.S.: How Campaigns Offset the Costs of Turning Out When Voting Is Made More Difficult

[1 ]Jacob R. Neiheisel is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science at the University at Buffalo, SUNY, in Buffalo, New York.

[2 ]Rich Horner is a PhD student in the Department of Political Science at the University at Buffalo, SUNY, in Buffalo, New York.