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      Natural history of t(11;14) multiple myeloma

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          Genetic abnormalities and survival in multiple myeloma: the experience of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome.

          Acquired genomic aberrations have been shown to significantly impact survival in several hematologic malignancies. We analyzed the prognostic value of the most frequent chromosomal changes in a large series of patients with newly diagnosed symptomatic myeloma prospectively enrolled in homogeneous therapeutic trials. All the 1064 patients enrolled in the IFM99 trials conducted by the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome benefited from an interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis performed on purified bone marrow plasma cells. They were systematically screened for the following genomic aberrations: del(13), t(11;14), t(4;14), hyperdiploidy, MYC translocations, and del(17p). Chromosomal changes were observed in 90% of the patients. The del(13), t(11;14), t(4;14), hyperdiploidy, MYC translocations, and del(17p) were present in 48%, 21%, 14%, 39%, 13%, and 11% of the patients, respectively. After a median follow-up of 41 months, univariate statistical analyses revealed that del(13), t(4;14), nonhyperdiploidy, and del(17p) negatively impacted both the event-free survival and the overall survival, whereas t(11;14) and MYC translocations did not influence the prognosis. Multivariate analyses on 513 patients annotated for all the parameters showed that only t(4;14) and del(17p) retained prognostic value for both the event-free and overall survivals. When compared with the currently used International Staging System, this prognostic model compares favorably. In myeloma, the genomic aberrations t(4;14) and del(17p), together with beta2-microglobulin level, are important independent predictors of survival. These findings have implications for the design of risk-adapted treatment strategies.
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            Oncogenesis of multiple myeloma: 14q32 and 13q chromosomal abnormalities are not randomly distributed, but correlate with natural history, immunological features, and clinical presentation.

            Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma-cell malignancy characterized by marked epidemiological, biological, and clinical heterogeneity. The goal of this study was to find a genetic basis for this heterogeneity. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we analyzed a prospective cohort of 901 patients with various plasma-cell disorders--monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance, smoldering MM, MM, and primary plasma-cell leukemia--for genetic abnormalities involving the 13q14 and 14q32 chromosomal regions; the patients were consecutively enrolled in the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome clinical trials, We performed statistical analyses comparing these chromosomal abnormalities in terms of immunological (ie, immunoglobulin types and light-chain subtypes) and clinical status and, to some extent, prognostic features. It was found that 14q32 translocations and del(13) are the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities, observed in 75% and 45% of the patients, respectively, and are not randomly distributed, but interconnected. Second, correlations between them allowed us to define 4 major genetic categories of patients: (1) patients lacking any 14q32 abnormality (25%) and generally also lacking del(13); (2) patients presenting either t(4;14) or t(14;16), almost always associated with a del(13) (15% of patients); (3) patients with other 14q32 abnormalities and presenting del(13) (25%); and (4) patients with other 14q32 abnormalities but not presenting del(13) (35%). Third, we show that this genetic stratification is highly correlated with immunological status and clinical presentation and with some major prognostic factors. For the first time, this study gives genetic support to the heterogeneity observed in patients with MM and demonstrates that the 14q32 and 13q chromosomal abnormalities are not randomly distributed. The strong correlations we found might be the basis for a novel genetic classification of MM, as has been previously demonstrated for leukemias and lymphomas. Furthermore, our study supports different models for MM oncogenesis.
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              Promiscuous translocations into immunoglobulin heavy chain switch regions in multiple myeloma.

              In multiple myeloma, karyotopic 14q32 translocations have been identified at a variable frequency (10-60% in different studies). In the majority of cases, the partner chromosome has not been identified (14q+), and in the remaining cases, a diverse array of chromosomal partners has been implicated, with 11q13 being the most common. We developed a comprehensive Southern blot assay to identify and distinguish different kinds of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) switch recombination events. Illegitimate switch recombination fragments (defined as containing sequences from only one switch region) are potential markers of translocation events into IgH switch regions and were identified in 15 of 21 myeloma cell lines, including seven of eight karyotyped lines that have no detectable 14q32 translocation. From all nine lines or tumor samples analyzed further, cloned illegitimate switch recombination fragments were confirmed to be IgH switch translocation breakpoints. In three of these cases, the translocation breakpoint was shown to be present in the primary tumor. These translocation breakpoints involve six chromosomal loci: 4p16.3 (two lines and the one tumor); 6; 8q24.13; 11q13.3 (in three lines); 16q23.1; and 21q22.1. We suggest that translocations into the IgH locus (i) are frequent (karyotypic 14q32 translocations and/or illegitimate switch recombination fragments are present in primary tumor samples and in 19 of 21 lines that we have analyzed); (ii) occur mainly in switch regions; and (iii) involve a diverse but nonrandom array (i.e., frequently 11q13 or 4p16) of chromosomal partners. This appears to be the most frequent genetic abnormality in multiple myeloma.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Leukemia
                Leukemia
                Springer Nature
                0887-6924
                1476-5551
                July 21 2017
                July 21 2017
                :
                :
                Article
                10.1038/leu.2017.204
                28655925
                09f09d50-6607-4a01-9558-2ede96b6fd0d
                © 2017
                History

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