2
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Shikonin alleviates asthma phenotypes in mice via an airway epithelial STAT3-dependent mechanism

      research-article
      , ,
      Open Medicine
      De Gruyter
      shikonin, asthma, STAT3, Th1/Th2, Th17/Treg

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Asthma is an inflammatory disease where the balance between Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Shikonin is used to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases due to its good anti-inflammatory activity. However, the effect and mechanism of shikonin on asthma remain unknown.

          Method

          Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA)/house dust mite (HDM) and treated with shikonin. Lung inflammation was assessed histologically and via flow cytometry. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for cell counts and cytokines. Shikonin’s impact on p-STAT3 was studied in vivo and in vitro.

          Results

          Shikonin inhibited OVA or HDM-induced inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Upon treatment, a restoration of the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance was observed, evidenced by a reduction in IL-4 and IL-17A levels in BALF, alongside an elevation in interferon-gamma and IL-10. Furthermore, shikonin impeded the infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes into lung tissue. The observed decrease in STAT3 phosphorylation and diminished nuclear translocation of p-STAT3 confirmed that shikonin promotes the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg by regulating airway epithelial STAT3.

          Conclusion

          Shikonin mitigates asthma symptoms through a STAT3-dependent mechanism, indicating its potential as an anti-asthmatic therapeutic agent.

          Related collections

          Most cited references48

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Asthma

          Asthma-one of the most common chronic, non-communicable diseases in children and adults-is characterised by variable respiratory symptoms and variable airflow limitation. Asthma is a consequence of complex gene-environment interactions, with heterogeneity in clinical presentation and the type and intensity of airway inflammation and remodelling. The goal of asthma treatment is to achieve good asthma control-ie, to minimise symptom burden and risk of exacerbations. Anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator treatments are the mainstay of asthma therapy and are used in a stepwise approach. Pharmacological treatment is based on a cycle of assessment and re-evaluation of symptom control, risk factors, comorbidities, side-effects, and patient satisfaction by means of shared decisions. Asthma is classed as severe when requiring high-intensity treatment to keep it under control, or if it remains uncontrolled despite treatment. New biological therapies for treatment of severe asthma, together with developments in biomarkers, present opportunities for phenotype-specific interventions and realisation of more personalised treatment. In this Seminar, we provide a clinically focused overview of asthma, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, asthma phenotypes, severe asthma, acute exacerbations, and clinical management of disease in adults and children older than 5 years. Emerging therapies, controversies, and uncertainties in asthma management are also discussed.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Type 2 inflammation in asthma--present in most, absent in many.

            John Fahy (2015)
            Asthma is one of the most common chronic immunological diseases in humans, affecting people from childhood to old age. Progress in treating asthma has been relatively slow and treatment guidelines have mostly recommended empirical approaches on the basis of clinical measures of disease severity rather than on the basis of the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis. An important molecular mechanism of asthma is type 2 inflammation, which occurs in many but not all patients. In this Opinion article, I explore the role of type 2 inflammation in asthma, including lessons learnt from clinical trials of inhibitors of type 2 inflammation. I consider how dichotomizing asthma according to levels of type 2 inflammation--into 'T helper 2 (TH2)-high' and 'TH2-low' subtypes (endotypes)--has shaped our thinking about the pathobiology of asthma and has generated new interest in understanding the mechanisms of disease that are independent of type 2 inflammation.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Global Initiative for Asthma Strategy 2021: Executive Summary and Rationale for Key Changes

              The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Strategy Report provides clinicians with an annually updated evidence-based strategy for asthma management and prevention, which can be adapted for local circumstances (e.g., medication availability). This article summarizes key recommendations from GINA 2021, and the evidence underpinning recent changes. GINA recommends that asthma in adults and adolescents should not be treated solely with short-acting β 2-agonist (SABA), because of the risks of SABA-only treatment and SABA overuse, and evidence for benefit of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Large trials show that as-needed combination ICS–formoterol reduces severe exacerbations by ⩾60% in mild asthma compared with SABA alone, with similar exacerbation, symptom, lung function, and inflammatory outcomes as daily ICS plus as-needed SABA. Key changes in GINA 2021 include division of the treatment figure for adults and adolescents into two tracks. Track 1 (preferred) has low-dose ICS–formoterol as the reliever at all steps: as needed only in Steps 1–2 (mild asthma), and with daily maintenance ICS–formoterol (maintenance-and-reliever therapy, “MART”) in Steps 3–5. Track 2 (alternative) has as-needed SABA across all steps, plus regular ICS (Step 2) or ICS–long-acting β 2-agonist (Steps 3–5). For adults with moderate-to-severe asthma, GINA makes additional recommendations in Step 5 for add-on long-acting muscarinic antagonists and azithromycin, with add-on biologic therapies for severe asthma. For children 6–11 years, new treatment options are added at Steps 3–4. Across all age groups and levels of severity, regular personalized assessment, treatment of modifiable risk factors, self-management education, skills training, appropriate medication adjustment, and review remain essential to optimize asthma outcomes.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Open Med (Wars)
                Open Med (Wars)
                med
                Open Medicine
                De Gruyter
                2391-5463
                21 October 2024
                2024
                : 19
                : 1
                : 20241016
                Affiliations
                Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital , Xi’an, 710101, China
                Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital , No. 777 Xitai Road, Xi’an, 710101, China
                Author notes
                tel: +86-029-68302590
                Article
                med-2024-1016
                10.1515/med-2024-1016
                11497215
                39444792
                096ac277-93bf-4be5-9a20-b9aca6c31a9e
                © 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

                This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 February 2024
                : 18 July 2024
                : 18 July 2024
                Page count
                Pages: 12
                Categories
                Research Article

                shikonin,asthma,stat3,th1/th2,th17/treg
                shikonin, asthma, stat3, th1/th2, th17/treg

                Comments

                Comment on this article