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      Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors in Oromia regional state of Ethiopia

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          Abstract

          Background

          Adherence to preventive measures of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was among the means to tackle the transmission of the virus. However, reluctance to implement the recommended preventive measures has been reported to be a major problem everywhere including Oromia Regional State.

          Purpose

          This research was aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors in the study area.

          Participants and methods

          Community based cross-sectional study was conducted. Sample of 2751 adults aged ≥ 18 years were used for the quantitative study. Also, 20 FGDs and 30 KIIs were conducted in the qualitative approach. The collected data were entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1 and analyzed using STATA 15. The qualitative data were entered into NVivo version 12 for its organization. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between the study variables. Odds Ratio with its 95%CI was calculated and P- Value < 0.05 was used as a cut off points to declare the significance.

          Results

          The level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measure was 8.3. Age [AOR, 4.00; 95% CI: 1.50, 10.45], Illiterate AOR, 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.93], read and write [AOR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.72], attended primary [AOR, 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.70], occupation (AOR; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.96] and knowledge [AOR, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11] were factors associated with level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Political context, unemployment, livelihoods, and social events were mentioned as reasons for the poor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures.

          Conclusions

          The overall level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in the study area was low. Age, level of education, occupation, and knowledge were factors associated with level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Activities to increase the adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures should be implemented by the concerned bodies.

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          Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey

          Bao-Liang Zhong, Wei Luo, Hai-Mei Li … (2020)
          Unprecedented measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in China. People's adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. In this study, we investigated Chinese residents' KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak. An online sample of Chinese residents was successfully recruited via the authors' networks with residents and popular media in Hubei, China. A self-developed online KAP questionnaire was completed by the participants. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of 12 questions regarding the clinical characteristics and prevention of COVID-19. Assessments on residents' attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 included questions on confidence in winning the battle against COVID-19 and wearing masks when going out in recent days. Among the survey completers (n=6910), 65.7% were women, 63.5% held a bachelor degree or above, and 56.2% engaged in mental labor. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 90%. The majority of the respondents (97.1%) had confidence that China can win the battle against COVID-19. Nearly all of the participants (98.0%) wore masks when going out in recent days. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the COVID-19 knowledge score (OR: 0.75-0.90, P<0.001) was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of negative attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-2019. Most Chinese residents of a relatively high socioeconomic status, in particular women, are knowledgeable about COVID-19, hold optimistic attitudes, and have appropriate practices towards COVID-19. Health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge are helpful for Chinese residents to hold optimistic attitudes and maintain appropriate practices. Due to the limited sample representativeness, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings to populations of a low socioeconomic status.
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            Non-compliance with COVID-19-related public health measures among young adults in Switzerland: Insights from a longitudinal cohort study

            Amy Nivette, Denis Ribeaud, Aja Murray … (2020)
            Highlights • Swiss men were less likely to comply with COVID-19 public health measures than women • Pre-pandemic factors were associated with COVID-19 non-compliance • Factors related to “antisocial potential” were associated with non-compliance • Moral disengagement from COVID-19 rules was strongly associated with non-compliance • Low trust in Swiss authorities was associated with non-compliance
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              Knowledge, attitude, and perceptions towards the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic: A bi-national survey in Africa

              Elnadi Hager, Ismail A. Odetokun, Obasanjo Bolarinwa … (2020)
              The current Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted and changed lives on a global scale since its emergence and spread from China in late 2019. It has caused millions of infections, and thousands of deaths worldwide. However, the control of this pandemic still remains unachievable in many African countries including Egypt and Nigeria, despite the application of some strict preventive and control measures. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of Egyptians and Nigerians towards the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was designed as a cross-sectional community-based questionnaire survey in both countries. Participants’ demography, knowledge, attitude, and perceptions towards the COVID-19 outbreak were obtained using a convenience sampling technique. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. A total of 1437 respondents were included in this preliminary report. The mean knowledge score was 14.7±2.3. The majority of the respondents (61.6%) had a satisfactory knowledge of the disease. Age (18–39 years), education (College/bachelors), and background of respondents were factors influencing knowledge levels. The attitude of most respondents (68.9%) towards instituted preventive measures was satisfactory with an average attitude score of 6.9 ± 1.2. The majority of the respondents (96%) practiced self-isolation and social-distancing but only 36% follow all health recommendations. The perception of most respondents (62.1%) on the global efforts at controlling the virus and preventing further spread was satisfactory with an average score of 10.9 ± 2.7. Only 22% of the respondents were satisfied with their country’s handling of the pandemic. An apprehensive understanding of the current status in Africa through studies like KAP is crucial to avoid Africa being the next epicenter of the pandemic. For the populace to follow standard infection prevention and control measures adequately, governments need to gain the trust of citizens by strengthening the health systems and improving surveillance activities in detecting cases, to offer the optimum health services to their communities.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Sileshi Garoma Abeya:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5633-8842
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Sagni Bobo Barkesa: Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Chala Gari Sadi: Role: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Supervision
                Dereje Duguma Gemeda: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Fekadu Yadeta Muleta: Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Supervision
                Asebe Feyera Tolera: Role: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: Supervision
                Dashe Negewo Ayana: Role: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Seada Ahmed Mohammed: Role: Project administration
                Endale Bacha Wako: Role: Project administration
                Mengistu Bekele Hurisa: Role: Formal analysisRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Dereje Abdena Bayisa: Role: Project administrationRole: Supervision
                Mirgisa Kaba Sarbesa: Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draft
                Eliyas Yosuf Yesuf: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Asebe Amenu Tufa: Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Jianguo Wang: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 October 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 20 October 2021
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0257373
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
                [2 ] Oromia Region Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
                [3 ] Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
                [4 ] Jimma University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
                [5 ] Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
                China University of Mining and Technology, CHINA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: No competing interests declared.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5633-8842
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-21-15954
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257373
                PMC ID: 8528333
                PubMed ID: 34669723
                SO-VID: 095bc284-fd1e-4b93-ae5f-3cd1e55a1b4b
                Copyright © © 2021 Abeya et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 14 May 2021
                Date accepted : 29 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 11, Tables: 5, Pages: 26
                Funding
                This research was conducted as a routine ministry activities during COVID-19 campaign with out a dedicated fund.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Medical Conditions
                Subject: Infectious Diseases
                Subject: Viral Diseases
                Subject: Covid 19
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Geographical Locations
                Subject: Africa
                Subject: Ethiopia
                Subject: Earth Sciences
                Subject: Geography
                Subject: Human Geography
                Subject: Urban Geography
                Subject: Towns
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Human Geography
                Subject: Urban Geography
                Subject: Towns
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Psychological Attitudes
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Psychological Attitudes
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Public and Occupational Health
                Subject: Hygiene
                Subject: Hand Washing
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Epidemiology
                Subject: Pandemics
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Chemistry
                Subject: Chemical Compounds
                Subject: Salts
                Subject: Soaps
                Subject: Computer and Information Sciences
                Subject: Data Management
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability The data is available and attached as a supplementary compressed file using both STATA and SPSS spread sheets.
                Outbreaks COVID-19

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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