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      A Glance at Aflatoxin Research in Mozambique

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          Abstract

          In Mozambique, aflatoxin research started in the 1960’s and has been carried through apparently unrelated efforts according to opportunities. However, they can be grouped in two sets: early epidemiological studies and recent agricultural research. Early investigators found a strong correlation between aflatoxin contamination and primary liver cancer. Since then, there have been efforts to examine the extent of contamination, especially in groundnuts and maize. More recent investigations and interventions aimed mostly to reduce the level of contamination, enough to allow such commodities to gain acceptance in the international market. The current status of knowledge is still marginal but the increasing involvement of local authorities, academia, and international organizations seems promising.

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          Quantitation of mycotoxins in food and feed from Burkina Faso and Mozambique using a modern LC-MS/MS multitoxin method.

          In this study an LC-MS/MS multitoxin method covering a total of 247 fungal and bacterial metabolites was applied to the analysis of different foods and feedstuffs from Burkina Faso and Mozambique. Overall, 63 metabolites were determined in 122 samples of mainly maize and groundnuts and a few samples of sorghum, millet, rice, wheat, soy, dried fruits, other processed foods and animal feeds. Aflatoxin B(1) was observed more frequently in maize (Burkina Faso, 50% incidence, median = 23.6 μg/kg; Mozambique, 46% incidence, median = 69.9 μg/kg) than in groundnuts (Burkina Faso, 22% incidence, median = 10.5 μg/kg; Mozambique, 14% incidence, median = 3.4 μg/kg). Fumonisin B(1) concentrations in maize were higher in Mozambique (92% incidence, median = 869 μg/kg) than in Burkina Faso (81% incidence, median = 269 μg/kg). In addition, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and other less reported mycotoxins such as citrinin, alternariol, cyclopiazonic acid, sterigmatocystin, moniliformin, beauvericin, and enniatins were detected. Up to 28 toxic fungal metabolites were quantitated in a single sample, emphasizing the great variety of mycotoxin coexposure. Most mycotoxins have not been reported before in either country.
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            Recent advances in nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for infectious agents and diseases

            Recent advances in lateral flow immunoassay-based devices as a point-of-care analytical tool for the detection of infectious diseases are reviewed. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technology is a paper-based, point-of-care strip biosensor designed to detect a specific analyte in a given sample. This type of assay is now of great interest to researchers for its cost-effectiveness, simplicity, portability and rapidness of detection of analytes, including but not limited to areas such as agriculture, food, biomedicine and pathogen detection. Various nanoparticles (such as metal nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, quantum dots, lanthanides and up-converting phosphor) functionalized by an antibody to detect an analyte protein or molecular marker present in the surface of an infectious pathogen are used for in LFIAs. Herein, we review the principle of the assay and recent advancements made in terms of the different approaches and designs of the assay towards the detection of infectious agents and diseases.
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              Review on pre- and post-harvest management of peanuts to minimize aflatoxin contamination

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                ijerph
                International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                MDPI
                1661-7827
                1660-4601
                07 August 2018
                August 2018
                : 15
                : 8
                : 1673
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Process Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan; koseki@ 123456bpe.agr.hokudai.ac.jp (S.K.); shuso@ 123456bpe.agr.hokudai.ac.jp (S.K.)
                [2 ]Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Av. Julius Nyerere, nr. 3453 Maputo, Moçambique
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: accademus@ 123456protonmail.com ; Tel.: +81-80-2876-1106
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0592-7812
                Article
                ijerph-15-01673
                10.3390/ijerph15081673
                6121502
                30087243
                08c0b3c8-9bc9-43a0-b3ca-185e48033893
                © 2018 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 15 June 2018
                : 03 August 2018
                Categories
                Communication

                Public health
                aflatoxin,research,overview,mozambique
                Public health
                aflatoxin, research, overview, mozambique

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