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      Significado prognóstico do número de linfonodos no esvaziamento cervical eletivo no câncer de língua e soalho de boca Translated title: Prognostic significance of the number of lymph nodes in elective neck dissection for tongue and mouth floor cancers

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          Abstract

          A presença de linfonodos metastáticos é aspecto relevante no tratamento do câncer na cabeça e pescoço, resultando em 50% de redução na sobrevida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o número de linfonodos removidos no esvaziamento cervical e sua relação com o prognóstico. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 143 pacientes portadores de carcinoma epidermoide de língua e soalho bucal, cujo exame histológico evidenciou ausência de metástases linfonodais. Desses, 119 eram masculinos e 24 femininos, com idade média de 54 anos. Quanto ao sítio do tumor primário, 65 eram na língua e 78 no soalho bucal. A distribuição do estádio T foi de quatro T1, 84 T2, 36 T3 e 19 T4. Foram realizados 176 esvaziamentos cervicais, sendo unilateral em 110 casos e bilateral em 33. Desses, 78 radicais e 98 seletivos. Os pacientes foram separados em três grupos, de acordo com os percentis 33 e 66 do número de linfonodos ressecados. RESULTADOS: O número médio de linfonodos ressecados foi de 27, sendo 24 nos esvaziamentos seletivos e 31 nos completos. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes quando relacionado aos estádios T e N. CONCLUSÕES: O maior número de linfonodos dissecados no esvaziamento cervical identifica um grupo de melhor prognóstico nos casos pN0.

          Translated abstract

          The presence of metastatic lymph nodes is a relevant aspect in the treatment of head and neck cancer, bringing about a 50% reduction in survival. OBJECTIVE: To assess the number of lymph nodes removed in the neck dissection and their relationship with the prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective study involving 143 patients with tongue and mouth floor epidermoid carcinoma, which histological exam showed no lymph node metastases. Among those, 119 were males and 24 females, with mean age of 54 years. As to the primary tumor site, 65 were in the tongue and 78 in the mouth floor. T stage distribution was of four T1, 84 T2, 36 T3 and 19 T4. We carried out 176 neck dissections, unilateral in 110 cases and bilateral in 33. Of these, 78 were radical and 98 selective. The patients were broken down into three groups, according to the 33 and 66 percentiles of the number of lymph nodes resected. RESULTS: The mean number of resected lymph nodes was 27; 24 in selective dissections and 31 in the complete ones. We did not have statistically significant differences when associated to the T and N stages. CONCLUSIONS: The larger number of lymph nodes dissected in the neck dissection identifies the group of better prognoses among pN0 cases.

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          Colon cancer survival is associated with increasing number of lymph nodes analyzed: a secondary survey of intergroup trial INT-0089.

          To determine the relationship, in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon, between survival and the number of lymph nodes analyzed from surgical specimens. Intergroup Trial INT-0089 is a mature trial of adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk patients with stage II and stage III colon cancer. We performed a secondary analysis of this group with overall survival (OS) as the main end point. Cause-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival were secondary end points. Rates for these outcome measures were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methodology. Log-rank test was used to compare overall curves, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to multivariately assess predictors of outcome. The median number of lymph nodes removed at colectomy was 11 (range, one to 87). Of the 3411 assessable patients, 648 had no evidence of lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analyses were performed on the node-positive and node-negative groups separately to ascertain the effect of lymph node removal. Survival decreased with increasing number of lymph node involvement (P =.0001 for all three survival end points). After controlling for the number of nodes involved, survival increased as more nodes were analyzed (P =.0001 for all three end points). Even when no nodes were involved, OS and CSS improved as more lymph nodes were analyzed (P =.0005 and P =.007, respectively). The number of lymph nodes analyzed for staging colon cancers is, itself, a prognostic variable on outcome. The impact of this variable is such that it may be an important variable to include in evaluating future trials.
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            Lymph node recovery from colorectal tumor specimens: recommendation for a minimum number of lymph nodes to be examined.

            Lymph node involvement is the most important prognostic factor for patients who have undergone radical surgery for colorectal carcinoma. An accurate examination of the surgical specimens is mandatory for the correct assessment of the lymph node status of the tumor. The risk of understaging is particularly high for patients with tumors classified as Dukes B (TNM stage II). The aim of this study was to determine if a specified minimum number of lymph nodes examined per surgical specimen could have any effect on the prognosis of patients who had undergone radical surgery for Dukes B colorectal cancer. Between 1988 and 1995 a total of 140 patients underwent radical resection of Dukes B colorectal cancer by the same surgeon (C.C.). The relation between clinicopathologic variables and survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify the variables that can independently influence survival. A median of 12 lymph nodes (range 3-38) was examined per tumor specimen. The 5-year survival rate of Dukes B patients who had had eight or fewer lymph nodes examined after surgery was 54.9%, whereas the survival rate for those who had had nine or more lymph nodes examined was 79.9% (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis identified the number of lymph nodes as the only independent prognostic factor (p = 0.01). Seventy patients with one to four metastatic lymph nodes (Dukes C patients) who had been operated on during the same period were included in the survival analysis for comparison. The 5-year survival rate of the Dukes B patients with eight or fewer lymph nodes examined was similar to that of the 70 Dukes C patients (54.9% and 51.8%, respectively). Examination of eight or fewer lymph nodes in Dukes B colorectal patients may be considered a high risk factor for missing positive lymph nodes in the surgical specimens. Our results suggest that harvesting and examining a minimum of nine lymph nodes per surgical specimen may be sufficient for reliable staging of lymph node-negative tumors.
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              Nodal yield and survival in oral squamous cancer: Defining the standard of care.

              Elective neck dissection (END) is commonly used as a staging and therapeutic procedure for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at high risk of nodal metastases. The authors aimed to determine whether the extent of lymphadenectomy, as defined by nodal yield, is a prognostic factor in this setting. A retrospective database review identified 225 patients undergoing END with curative intent for oral SCC between 1987 and 2009. Nodal yield was studied as a categorical variable for association with overall, disease-specific, and disease-free survival in univariate and multivariate analyses. Nodal yield <18 was associated with 5-year overall survival of 51% compared with 74% in those with nodal yield ≥ 18 (P = .009). Five-year disease-specific survival rates were 69% in those with <18 nodes and 87% in patients with ≥ 18 nodes (P = .022). Similar results were obtained for disease-free survival, with 5-year rates of 44% with <18 nodes versus 71% with ≥ 18 nodes (P = .043). After adjusting for the effect of age, nodal status, T stage, and adjuvant radiotherapy on multivariate analysis, nodal yield <18 was associated with reduced overall (hazard ratio [HR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.6; P = .020), disease-specific (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.5; P = .043), and disease-free survival (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.8; P = .040). In the pathologically lymph node-negative subgroup (n = 148), similar results were obtained. Nodal yield is an independent prognostic factor in patients undergoing END for oral SCC. These results suggest that an adequate lymphadenectomy in this setting should include at least 18 nodes. Copyright © 2011 American Cancer Society.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjorl
                Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
                Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol.
                Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1808-8694
                1808-8686
                April 2012
                : 78
                : 2
                : 22-26
                Affiliations
                [01] São Paulo SP orgnameHospital Heliópolis orgdiv1Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia
                [02] São Paulo SP orgnameUSP orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço
                Article
                S1808-86942012000200005 S1808-8694(12)07800205
                08acbcd9-29ff-467a-8106-d44fe25bfb4b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 May 2011
                : 11 October 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                neck dissection,neoplasias bucais,linfonodos,esvaziamento cervical,carcinoma de células escamosas,mouth neoplasms,lymph nodes,squamous cells,carcinoma

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