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      Herpetofauna como animales ornamentales y de compañía en tres mercados de la Ciudad de México Translated title: Trade of Herpetofauna as Ornamental and Companion Animals in Three Markets in Mexico City

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          Abstract

          Resumen Los anfibios y los reptiles han ganado popularidad como mascotas y el número de especies que se ofrecen a la venta va en aumento. Se ha reconocido la necesidad de realizar estudios que analicen los delitos contra la vida silvestre a nivel mundial para tener una mejor comprensión del fenómeno. Con el objetivo de conocer cuantas especies y cuáles son las que se venden en la Ciudad de México, realizamos 14 visitas a tres importantes mercados y realizamos un análisis de los grupos de anfibios y reptiles vendidos como mascotas y animales ornamentales. Registramos un total de 31, 919 individuos de 90 especies diferentes (14 de anfibios, 76 de reptiles) y encontramos que el 92.8% de los anfibios y el 76.9% de los reptiles están protegidos por la Norma mexicana NOM059, la Lista Roja de la UICN y/o CITES. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (W = 3.14, p < 0.05) en el número de organismos registrados de las especies de anfibios, así como en el número de individuos registrados por especie de reptiles (W = 7.52, p < 0.001). Consideramos necesario evaluar todas las especies nativas de anfibios y reptiles en los mercados que podrían ser incluidos en programas de aprovechamiento sustentable como una herramienta para su manejo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Amphibians and reptiles have gained popularity as pets, and the number of species offered for sale is increasing. The need to carry out studies that analyze wildlife crime within countries has been recognized in order to have a better understanding of the phenomenon. In order to know how many species and which ones are sold in Mexico City, we conducted 14 visits to three major markets in Mexico City and conducted an analysis of the groups of amphibians and reptiles sold as pets and ornamental animals. We recorded a total of 31,919 individuals comprising 90 different species (14 amphibians, 76 reptiles) and found that 92.8% of the amphibians and 76.9% of the reptiles are protected by the Mexican government NOM-059, IUCN Red List and/or CITES. Significant differences (W = 3.14, p < 0.05) were found in the number of registered organisms of the amphibian species, as well as in the number of registered individuals per reptile species (W = 7.52, p < 0.001). We consider it necessary to evaluate all native species of amphibians and reptiles in the markets that could be included in sustainable use plans as a tool for their management.

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          Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity.

          Many studies in recent years have investigated the effects of climate change on the future of biodiversity. In this review, we first examine the different possible effects of climate change that can operate at individual, population, species, community, ecosystem and biome scales, notably showing that species can respond to climate change challenges by shifting their climatic niche along three non-exclusive axes: time (e.g. phenology), space (e.g. range) and self (e.g. physiology). Then, we present the principal specificities and caveats of the most common approaches used to estimate future biodiversity at global and sub-continental scales and we synthesise their results. Finally, we highlight several challenges for future research both in theoretical and applied realms. Overall, our review shows that current estimates are very variable, depending on the method, taxonomic group, biodiversity loss metrics, spatial scales and time periods considered. Yet, the majority of models indicate alarming consequences for biodiversity, with the worst-case scenarios leading to extinction rates that would qualify as the sixth mass extinction in the history of the earth. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.
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            Global wildlife trade across the tree of life

            Wildlife trade is a multibillion dollar industry that is driving species toward extinction. Of >31,500 terrestrial bird, mammal, amphibian, and squamate reptile species, ~18% ( N = 5579) are traded globally. Trade is strongly phylogenetically conserved, and the hotspots of this trade are concentrated in the biologically diverse tropics. Using different assessment approaches, we predict that, owing to their phylogenetic replacement and trait similarity to currently traded species, future trade will affect up to 3196 additional species—totaling 8775 species at risk of extinction from trade. Our assessment underscores the need for a strategic plan to combat trade with policies that are proactive rather than reactive, which is especially important because species can quickly transition from being safe to being endangered as humans continue to harvest and trade across the tree of life.
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              Global trade in exotic pets 2006-2012.

              International trade in exotic pets is an important and increasing driver of biodiversity loss and often compromises the standards required for good animal welfare. We systematically reviewed the scientific and gray literature and used the United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) trade database to establish temporal and geographical trade patterns of live exotic birds, mammals, and reptiles and to describe trends in research, taxonomic representation, and level of threat and legal protection of species traded. Birds were the most species-rich and abundant class reported in trade; reptiles were second most abundant but unusually the most studied in this context; and mammals were least abundant in trade. Mammalian and reptilian species traded as pets were more likely to be threatened than expected by random. There have been a substantial number of Appendix I listed captive-bred mammals and birds and wild-caught birds and reptiles reported in trade to CITES. We identified the Middle East's emerging role as a driver of demand for exotic pets of all taxa alongside the well-established and increasing role of South America and Southeast Asia in the market. Europe, North America, and the Middle East featured most heavily in trade reports to CITES, whereas trade involving South America and Southeast Asia were given most emphasis in the literature. For effective monitoring of and appropriate response to the international exotic pet trade, it is imperative that the reliability and detail of CITES trade reports improve and that scientific research be directed toward those taxa and locations that are most vulnerable. © 2014 Society for Conservation Biology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rlh
                Revista latinoamericana de herpetología
                Rev. latinoam. herpetol.
                Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                2594-2158
                December 2022
                : 5
                : 4
                : e518
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Laboratorio de Vertebrados Mexico
                Article
                S2594-21582022000400102 S2594-2158(22)00500400102
                10.22201/fc.25942158e.2022.4.518
                08768b2a-273b-4741-b3cf-ca186a2b3a32

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 October 2022
                : 03 August 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 71, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                Illegal trade,CITES,endangered species,tráfico de fauna,especies amenazadas,mascotas exóticas,Comercio ilegal,illegal trade of fauna,fauna trafficking,exotic pets

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