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      Diterpenoids from Isodon species: an update

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          Abstract

          This review focuses on new diterpenoids from the Isodonspecies, including their structures, classifications, biogenetic pathways, bioactivities, and chemical synthesis (from December 2005 to June 2016).

          Abstract

          Covering: December 2005 to June 2016. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2006, 23, 673–698

          Over the last decade, great efforts have been made to conduct phytochemistry research on the genus Isodon, which have led to the isolation and identification of a number of diterpenoids. At the same time, these newly reported diterpenoids with diverse structures have led to new findings on their biological functions and chemical synthesis research. In this update, we review more than 600 new diterpenoids, including their structures, classifications, biogenetic pathways, bioactivities, and chemical synthesis.

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          Diterpenoids from Isodon species and their biological activities.

          Quan Han, Zu-xiong Huang, Han Sun (2006)
          Isodon species (Labiatae) are widely distributed plants, many of which are used in folk medicine. Over the past twenty years, they have received considerable phytochemical and biological attention. Thestructures of their many diterpenoids constituents, especially those with an ent-kaurane skeleton, have been elucidated. The significant phytochemical and pharmacological diterpenoids form the subject of this review. There are 290 references.
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            Adenanthin targets peroxiredoxin I and II to induce differentiation of leukemic cells.

            Jian Chen, Bifang Li-Wang, Ying Wu … (2012)
            Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are potential therapeutic targets for major diseases such as cancers. However, isotype-specific inhibitors remain to be developed. We report that adenanthin, a diterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Rabdosia adenantha, induces differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. We show that adenanthin directly targets the conserved resolving cysteines of Prx I and Prx II and inhibits their peroxidase activities. Consequently, cellular H(2)O(2) is elevated, leading to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and increased transcription of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, which contributes to adenanthin-induced differentiation. Adenanthin induces APL-like cell differentiation, represses tumor growth in vivo and prolongs the survival of mouse APL models that are sensitive and resistant to retinoic acid. Thus, adenanthin can serve as what is to our knowledge the first lead natural compound for the development of Prx I- and Prx II-targeted therapeutic agents, which may represent a promising approach to inducing differentiation of APL cells.
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              Oridonin, a diterpenoid extracted from medicinal herbs, targets AML1-ETO fusion protein and shows potent antitumor activity with low adverse effects on t(8;21) leukemia in vitro and in vivo.

              Guang-Biao Zhou, Hui Kang, Lan Wang … (2007)
              Studies have documented the potential antitumor activities of oridonin, a compound extracted from medicinal herbs. However, whether oridonin can be used in the selected setting of hematology/oncology remains obscure. Here, we reported that oridonin induced apoptosis of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemic (AML) cells. Intriguingly, the t(8;21) product AML1-ETO (AE) fusion protein, which plays a critical role in leukemogenesis, was degraded with generation of a catabolic fragment, while the expression pattern of AE target genes investigated could be reprogrammed. The ectopic expression of AE enhanced the apoptotic effect of oridonin in U937 cells. Preincubation with caspase inhibitors blocked oridonin-triggered cleavage of AE, while substitution of Ala for Asp at residues 188 in ETO moiety of the fusion abrogated AE degradation. Furthermore, oridonin prolonged lifespan of C57 mice bearing truncated AE-expressing leukemic cells without suppression of bone marrow or reduction of body weight of animals, and exerted synergic effects while combined with cytosine arabinoside. Oridonin also inhibited tumor growth in nude mice inoculated with t(8;21)-harboring Kasumi-1 cells. These results suggest that oridonin may be a potential antileukemia agent that targets AE oncoprotein at residue D188 with low adverse effect, and may be helpful for the treatment of patients with t(8;21) AML.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NPRRDF
                Title: Natural Product Reports
                Abbreviated Title: Nat. Prod. Rep.
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 0265-0568
                ISSN (Electronic): 1460-4752
                Publication date Created: 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 2017
                Volume: 34
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 1090-1140
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
                [2 ]Kunming Institute of Botany
                [3 ]Chinese Academy of Sciences
                [4 ]Kunming
                [5 ]P. R. China
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C7NP00027H
                PubMed ID: 28758169
                SO-VID: 07f319df-2007-49ed-870b-16590008fc92
                Copyright © © 2017
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