3D printed polymer composite optical fiber for sensing applications

For the past twenty five years the NIH family of imaging software, NIH Image and ImageJ have been pioneers as open tools for scientific image analysis. We discuss the origins, challenges and solutions of these two programs, and how their history can serve to advise and inform other software projects.

The global energy demand has laid emphasis on the exploration of alternate sources of energy. The global energy demand has laid emphasis on the exploration of alternate sources of energy. With the application of many thermochemical and biochemical technologies, waste biomass can be converted into green fuels. Gasification is one of the most effective thermochemical (biomass-to-gas) technologies that can transform organic substrates into combustible syngas. Supercritical water gasification is an iteration of conventional gasification that uses water as the reaction medium to efficiently decompose biomass to hydrogen-rich syngas. The yields and composition of products from supercritical water gasification largely depend on the process parameters such as temperature, pressure, residence time, and feed concentration, biomass particle size, reactor configurations as well as reaction pathways and catalysis. These factors also determine the gasification efficiency, carbon conversion and heating value of the gas products. This paper reviews different homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts involved in supercritical water gasification of biomass. Several reaction mechanisms occurring during gasification of biomass in supercritical water have also been illustrated and discussed, and research gaps for future studies have been identified. Overall, this review is an update to the compiled literature and the aspects involved in supercritical water gasification of different biomass feedstocks.

Physiological temperature varies temporally and spatially. Accurate and real-time detection of localized temperature changes in biological tissues regardless of large deformation is crucial to understand thermal principle of homeostasis, to assess sophisticated health conditions, and further to offer possibilities of building a smart healthcare and medical system. Additionally, continuous temperature mapping in flexible and stretchable formats opens up many other potential areas, such as artificially electronic skins and reflection of emotional changes. This review exploits a comprehensive investigation onto recent advances in flexible temperature sensors, stretchable sensor networks, and platforms constructed in soft and compliant formats for wearable physiological monitoring. The most recent examples of flexible temperature sensors are first discussed regarding to their materials, structures, electrical and mechanical properties; temperature sensing network technologies in new materials and structural designs are then presented based on platforms comprised of multiple physical sensors and stretchable electronics. Finally, wearable applications of the sensing network are described, such as detection of human activities, monitoring of health conditions, and emotion-related bodily sensations. Conclusions are made with emphasis on critical issues and new trends in the field of wearable temperature sensor network technologies.