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      Identifying factors that inhibit or facilitate on-site implementation of chemical risk assessment at small and medium-sized companies

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          Abstract

          The introduction and implementation of chemical risk assessment is difficult, especially at small and medium-sized manufacturing and construction companies. This study aimed to identify the factors that inhibit or facilitate such assessment. Twelve individuals in charge of risk assessment at one medium-sized client company and eight small and medium-sized contract companies and responsible for innovation in the manufacturing and construction industries were interviewed. The interview transcripts were analyzed via text mining using KH Corder ver. 3 and a co-occurrence network was used to identify the keywords’ connections and each factor in consideration of the interviews. Six factors inhibited or facilitated risk assessment: (1) education on hazardous work in the workplace, (2) improvement suggestions and reduction measures from client and staff, (3) cooperation between employees and contractors in the workplace, (4) thoroughly explanation of SDS content for better understanding, (5) risk awareness based on accident examples, and (6) difficulties imagining the hazards of chemical substances. Factors (1), (2), (3), and (5) were positive, facilitating factors; (4) and (6) were negative, inhibiting factors. This study highlights that it is necessary to educate workers about chemical substance risks using safety data sheets and accident examples in chemical risk assessment.

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          occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons at a coke plant: Part II. Exposure assessment of volatile organic compounds.

          The objective of the study is to assess the external and internal exposures to aromatic hydrocarbons in the tar and oil naphthalene distillation processes at a coke plant. 69 workers engaged as operators in tar and oil naphthalene distillation processes and 25 non-exposed subjects were examined. Personal analyses of the benzene, toluene, xylene isomers, ethylbenzene, naphthalene, indan, indene and acenaphthene in the breathing zone air allowed us to determine the time weighted average exposure levels to the aromatic hydrocarbons listed above. The internal exposure was investigated by measurement of the urinary excretion of naphthols, 2-methylphenol and dimethylphenol isomers by means of gas chromatography with a flame ionization detection (GC/FID). Urine metabolites were extracted after enzymatic hydrolysis by solid-phase extraction with styrene-divinylbenzene resin. The time-weighted average concentrations of the hydrocarbons detected in the breathing zone air shows that the exposure levels of the workers are relatively low in comparison to the exposure limits. Statistically significant differences between average concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene isomers) determined at the workplaces in the tar distillation department have been found. Concentrations of the naphthalene and acenaphthene detected in workers from the oil distillation department are higher that those from the tar distillation department. Concentrations of naphthols, 2-methoxyphenol and dimethylphenol isomers in the urine of occupationally exposed workers were significantly higher than those of non-exposed subjects. Concentrations of the 2-methoxyphenol and dimethylphenol isomers in urine were significantly higher for the tar distillation workers, whereas concentrations of naphthols were higher for the oil naphthalene distillation workers. Operators at the tar and naphthalene oil distillation processes are simultaneously exposed to a mixture of different hydrocarbons, mainly benzene and naphthalene homologues.
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            Occupational health and safety management in “small size” enterprises, with particular emphasis on hazards identification

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              Chemical hazards and safety management in pharmaceutical industry

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ind Health
                Ind Health
                INDHEALTH
                Industrial Health
                National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
                0019-8366
                1880-8026
                23 October 2023
                May 2024
                : 62
                : 3
                : 215-224
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Graduate School of Occupational Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
                [2 ]Department of Environmental Management, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
                [3 ]Department of Occupational Safety and Health Management, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
                [4 ]National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed.
                Article
                2023-0016
                10.2486/indhealth.2023-0016
                11170081
                37866929
                07790dad-2041-49d7-9def-94fdeb487f82
                ©2024 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

                History
                : 25 January 2023
                : 28 September 2023
                Categories
                Field Report

                accident example,chemical risk assessment,co-occurrence network,worker education,difficult to imagine

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