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      Academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, satisfaction with studies, and virtual media use as depression and emotional exhaustion predictors among college students during COVID-19

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          Abstract

          The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between depression, emotional exhaustion, self-esteem, satisfaction with studies, academic self-efficacy, and the use of virtual media in Peruvian university students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 569 college students (61.9% female), with a mean age of 21.73 years (standard deviation = 4.95), responded to the following questionnaires: Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, Single Item Self-Esteem Scale, Brief Scale of Satisfaction with Studies, Scale of Use of Virtual Media, Patient Health Questionnarie-2, and Single Item of Academic Emotional Exhaustion. Correlation statistics, regression models, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for data analysis. The results demonstrated a direct and significant correlation between virtual media use, academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, depression, and emotional exhaustion ( p <.01). In addition, satisfaction with studies (β = −0.13), academic self-efficacy (β = −0.19), self-esteem (β = −0.14), and emotional exhaustion (β = 0.19) predicted depression significantly, whereas virtual media use (β = 0.17), study satisfaction (β = 0.09), and depression (β = 0.20) predicted emotional exhaustion associated with academics. The SEM model indicated that self-esteem, satisfaction with studies, and academic self-efficacy negatively predict depression, whereas academic self-efficacy positively predicts virtual media use. Finally, both virtual media use and depression positively predict emotional exhaustion. This model presents optimal goodness-of-fit indices (X 2 = 8.926, df = 6, p =.178; comparative fit =.991, Tucker–Lewis =.979, root mean square error of approximation =.029 [confidence interval 90% =.000–.067], standardized root mean square residual =.022). Thus, academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, satisfaction with studies, and virtual media use predict depression and emotional exhaustion among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

          Abstract

          Academic self-efficacy; Self-esteem; Emotional exhaustion; COVID-19; Depression; College students.

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          Effects of COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study

          Changwon Son, Sudeep Hegde, Alec Smith … (2020)
          Background Student mental health in higher education has been an increasing concern. The COVID-19 pandemic situation has brought this vulnerable population into renewed focus. Objective Our study aims to conduct a timely assessment of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of college students. Methods We conducted interview surveys with 195 students at a large public university in the United States to understand the effects of the pandemic on their mental health and well-being. The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. Results Of the 195 students, 138 (71%) indicated increased stress and anxiety due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Multiple stressors were identified that contributed to the increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive thoughts among students. These included fear and worry about their own health and of their loved ones (177/195, 91% reported negative impacts of the pandemic), difficulty in concentrating (173/195, 89%), disruptions to sleeping patterns (168/195, 86%), decreased social interactions due to physical distancing (167/195, 86%), and increased concerns on academic performance (159/195, 82%). To cope with stress and anxiety, participants have sought support from others and helped themselves by adopting either negative or positive coping mechanisms. Conclusions Due to the long-lasting pandemic situation and onerous measures such as lockdown and stay-at-home orders, the COVID-19 pandemic brings negative impacts on higher education. The findings of our study highlight the urgent need to develop interventions and preventive strategies to address the mental health of college students.
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            Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Fourth Edition

            Rex B. Kline (2015)
            Emphasizing concepts and rationale over mathematical minutiae, this is the most widely used, complete, and accessible structural equation modeling (SEM) text. Continuing the tradition of using real data examples from a variety of disciplines, the significantly revised fourth edition incorporates recent developments such as Pearl's graphing theory and the structural causal model (SCM), measurement invariance, and more. Readers gain a comprehensive understanding of all phases of SEM, from data collection and screening to the interpretation and reporting of the results. Learning is enhanced by exercises with answers, rules to remember, and topic boxes. The companion website supplies data, syntax, and output for the book's examples--now including files for Amos, EQS, LISREL, Mplus, Stata, and R (lavaan).<br><br> New to This Edition<br> *Extensively revised to cover important new topics: Pearl's graphing theory and the SCM, causal inference frameworks, conditional process modeling, path models for longitudinal data, item response theory, and more.<br> *Chapters on best practices in all stages of SEM, measurement invariance in confirmatory factor analysis, and significance testing issues and bootstrapping.<br> *Expanded coverage of psychometrics.<br> *Additional computer tools: online files for all detailed examples, previously provided in EQS, LISREL, and Mplus, are now also given in Amos, Stata, and R (lavaan).<br> *Reorganized to cover the specification, identification, and analysis of observed variable models separately from latent variable models.<br><br> Pedagogical Features<br> *Exercises with answers, plus end-of-chapter annotated lists of further reading.<br> *Real examples of troublesome data, demonstrating how to handle typical problems in analyses.<br> *Topic boxes on specialized issues, such as causes of nonpositive definite correlations.<br> *Boxed rules to remember.<br> *Website promoting a learn-by-doing approach, including syntax and data files for six widely used SEM computer tools.
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              Gender differences in depression, anxiety, and stress among college students: A longitudinal study from China

              Wenjuan Gao, Siqing Ping, Xinqiao Liu (2020)
              The objective of this longitudinal study was to examine the gender differences in college students' depression, anxiety, and stress over the four academic years, and to explore possible anxiety-related factors among first year students.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Heliyon
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Heliyon
                Title: Heliyon
                Publisher: Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2405-8440
                Publication date PMC-release: 20 October 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 October 2022
                Electronic Location Identifier: e11085
                Affiliations
                [a ]Grupo de Investigación Avances en Investigación Psicológica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
                [b ]Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
                [c ]Unidad de Posgrado en Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
                [d ]Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
                [e ]Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2405-8440(22)02373-8 Publisher ID: e11085
                DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11085
                PMC ID: 9583623
                PubMed ID: 36281229
                SO-VID: 072fcd55-3157-4c51-945a-bdbb25fac505
                Copyright © © 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 2 February 2022
                Date revision received : 9 May 2022
                Date accepted : 10 October 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: academic self-efficacy,self-esteem,emotional exhaustion,covid-19,depression,college students
                Data availability:
                Keywords: academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, emotional exhaustion, covid-19, depression, college students

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