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      Perioperative glucocorticoid administration for prevention of systemic organ failure in patients undergoing esophageal resection for esophageal carcinoma Translated title: Administração perioperatória de glicocorticóides para prevenção da falência orgânica em pacientes submetidos à esofagectomia por carcinoma esofágico

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          ABSTRACT

          CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:

          Preoperative glucocorticoid administration has been proposed for reducing postoperative morbidity. This is not widely used before esophageal resection because of incomplete knowledge regarding its effectiveness. The aim here was to assess the effects of preoperative glucocorticoid administration in adults undergoing esophageal resection for esophageal carcinoma.

          SEARCH STRATEGY:

          Studies were identified by searching the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cancer Lit, SCIELO and Cochrane Library, and by manual searching from relevant articles. The last search for clinical trials for this systematic review was performed in December 2004.

          SELECTION CRITERIA:

          This review included randomized studies of patients with potentially resectable carcinomas of the esophagus that compared preoperative glucocorticoid administration with placebo.

          DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:

          Data were extracted by the same reviewers, and the trial quality was assessed using Jadad scoring. Relative risk and weighted mean difference with 95% confidence limits were used to assess the significance of the difference between the treatment arms.

          RESULTS:

          Four randomized trials involving 146 patients were found. There were no differences in postoperative mortality, sepsis, anastomotic leakage, hepatic and renal failure between the glucocorticoid and placebo groups. There were fewer postoperative respiratory complications (p = 0.005) and multiple postoperative complications (p = 0.004) and lower postoperative plasma interleukin-6 levels (p = 0.00001) with preoperative glucocorticoid administration. There was a higher postoperative PaO 2/FiO 2 ratio (p = 0.0001) with preoperative glucocorticoid administration.

          CONCLUSION:

          Prophylactic administration of glucocorticoids is associated with decreased postoperative complications.

          RESUMO

          CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:

          A administração de glicocorticóides tem sido proposta para reduzir a morbidade após operações, porém, não é largamente usada antes da ressecção do esôfago devido ao fato de não haver ainda conhecimentos suficientes sobre sua eficácia. O objetivo do trabalho é verificar os efeitos da administração pré-operatória de glicocorticóides em pacientes submetidos a esofagectomia por carcinoma de esôfago.

          ESTRATÉGIA DE PESQUISA:

          As fontes utilizadas foram: Medline, Embase, Cancerlit, SciELO, Base de Dados de Ensaios Clínicos Controlados da Colaboração Cochrane e busca manual de referências. O término da pesquisa ocorreu em dezembro de 2004.

          CRITÉRIOS DE SELEÇÃO:

          Estudos randomizados de pacientes com carcinoma esofágico que compararam glicocorticóide com placebo administrados antes das esofagectomias.

          ANÁLISE E COLETA DE DADOS:

          Os dados foram coletados pelos mesmos revisores e a qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada usando-se o escore de Jadad. A metanálise foi realizada utilizando-se o risco relativo e diferença de média ponderada entre tratamento e placebo (intervalos de confiança de 95%).

          RESULTADOS:

          Quatroensaios envolvendo 146 pacientes foram localizados. Não ocorreram diferenças na mortalidade pós-operatória e nas incidências de sepse, deiscência de anastomose e insuficiências renal e hepática entre glicocorticóide e placebo. Houve decréscimo na incidência de complicações respiratórias pós-operatórias (p = 0,005), múltiplas complicações (p = 0,004) e níveis plasmáticos de interleucina-6 (p = 0,00001) nos pacientes que receberam glicocorticóide pré-operatório. Houve incremento na relação PaO 2/FiO 2 pós-operatória (p = 0,0001) no grupo que recebeu glicocorticóide pré-operatório.

          CONCLUSÃO:

          A administração pré-operatória de glicocorticóide foi associada com um decréscimo nas complicações pós-operatórias.

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          Most cited references18

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          Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?

          It has been suggested that the quality of clinical trials should be assessed by blinded raters to limit the risk of introducing bias into meta-analyses and systematic reviews, and into the peer-review process. There is very little evidence in the literature to substantiate this. This study describes the development of an instrument to assess the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in pain research and its use to determine the effect of rater blinding on the assessments of quality. A multidisciplinary panel of six judges produced an initial version of the instrument. Fourteen raters from three different backgrounds assessed the quality of 36 research reports in pain research, selected from three different samples. Seven were allocated randomly to perform the assessments under blind conditions. The final version of the instrument included three items. These items were scored consistently by all the raters regardless of background and could discriminate between reports from the different samples. Blind assessments produced significantly lower and more consistent scores than open assessments. The implications of this finding for systematic reviews, meta-analytic research and the peer-review process are discussed.
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            Surgeon volume and operative mortality in the United States.

            Although the relation between hospital volume and surgical mortality is well established, for most procedures, the relative importance of the experience of the operating surgeon is uncertain. Using information from the national Medicare claims data base for 1998 through 1999, we examined mortality among all 474,108 patients who underwent one of eight cardiovascular procedures or cancer resections. Using nested regression models, we examined the relations between operative mortality and surgeon volume and hospital volume (each in terms of total procedures performed per year), with adjustment for characteristics of the patients and other characteristics of the providers. Surgeon volume was inversely related to operative mortality for all eight procedures (P=0.003 for lung resection, P<0.001 for all other procedures). The adjusted odds ratio for operative death (for patients with a low-volume surgeon vs. those with a high-volume surgeon) varied widely according to the procedure--from 1.24 for lung resection to 3.61 for pancreatic resection. Surgeon volume accounted for a large proportion of the apparent effect of the hospital volume, to an extent that varied according to the procedure: it accounted for 100 percent of the effect for aortic-valve replacement, 57 percent for elective repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, 55 percent for pancreatic resection, 49 percent for coronary-artery bypass grafting, 46 percent for esophagectomy, 39 percent for cystectomy, and 24 percent for lung resection. For most procedures, the mortality rate was higher among patients of low-volume surgeons than among those of high-volume surgeons, regardless of the surgical volume of the hospital in which they practiced. For many procedures, the observed associations between hospital volume and operative mortality are largely mediated by surgeon volume. Patients can often improve their chances of survival substantially, even at high-volume hospitals, by selecting surgeons who perform the operations frequently. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society
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              • Record: found
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              • Article: not found

              Perioperative single-dose glucocorticoid administration: pathophysiologic effects and clinical implications.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                São Paulo Medical Journal
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM
                1516-3180
                1806-9460
                02 March 2006
                2006
                : 124
                : 2
                : 112-115
                Author notes
                [Address for correspondence ] Antônio Marcos Raimondi Avenida do Café, 400 — Apto. 11 São Paulo (SP) — Brasil — CEP 04311-001 Tel. (+55 11) 5017-2289 E-mail: raimond11@ 123456terra.com.br

                Conflict of interest: None

                Article
                10.1590/S1516-31802006000200013
                11060359
                16878197
                06cd6fb1-a3cc-43aa-a189-4b7a5223bc41

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

                History
                : 25 February 2005
                : 16 February 2006
                : 09 March 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 4
                Categories
                Systematic Review

                esophagectomy,methylprednisolone,multiple organ failure,review literature,meta-analysis,esofagectomia,metilprednisolona,falência de múltiplos órgãos,literatura de revisão,metanálise

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