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      Analysis of fungal microbiota of ambient air in an intensive care unit in Rio Branco, Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil Translated title: Microbiota fúngica do ar ambiente em uma unidade de terapia intensiva em Rio Branco, Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil

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          Abstract

          Abstract Fungi exhibit three adverse effects on human health: inflammatory, allergic and toxic effects, these implications affect mainly immunodepressed patients. The objective of this work was to analyze the fungal microbiota of the ambient air of an Intensive Care Unit. Three collections were carried out in an Intensive Care Unit in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil from March to May 2017. 126 Petri dishes were exposed with the culture medium Agar Sabouraud with chloramphenicol and Agar Mycosel, considering the distribution of the 21 air conditioners, split residential model. The plates were incubated for seven days at room temperature and the growth of Colony Forming Units was observed. Colony counting and isolation for the morphological characterization of the granted fungi was performed. After quantification, the concentration of fungi per cubic meters of air (CFU.m-3) was settled. The third collection had a larger number of colony forming units with 48.6%. In the total of the analyzed samples, filamentous fungi (85.5%) and yeasts (14.5%) were isolated. Thirteen genera of fungi were identified, with the most frequent filaments being Cladosporium spp. 33.0%, Aspergillus spp. 30.4% and Penicillium spp. 19.6%, and yeasts Candida spp. 52.6%, Trichosporon spp. 36.9%. The colony-forming unit per cubic meter (CFU.m-3) did not shown any difference between the Cores in the same collection period, however in the 1st and 3rd collection, Core 1 had the highest average. The fungal microbiota of this Unit presented thirteen different genera potentially pathogenic, revealing the need for monitoring microorganisms and prevention actions.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Os fungos exibem três efeitos adversos para a saúde humana: inflamatórios, alérgicos e tóxicos, esses efeitos atingem principalmente pacientes imunodeprimidos. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a microbiota fúngica do ar ambiente em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva na cidade de Rio Branco, Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Foram realizadas 03 coletas em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva na cidade de Rio Branco, Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil no período de março a maio de 2017. Foram expostas 126 placas de Petri com os meios de cultura Ágar Sabouraud com cloranfenicol e Ágar Mycosel, considerando a distribuição dos 21 condicionadores de ar, modelo split residencial. As placas foram incubadas por sete dias em temperatura ambiente e observado o crescimento das Unidades Formadoras de Colônias. A contagem de colônias e o isolamento para a caracterização morfológica dos fungos isolados foi realizada. Após a quantificação, foi calculada a concentração de fungos por metros cúbicos de ar (UFC.m-3). A terceira coleta teve maior quantidade de unidades formadoras de colônias com 48,6%. No total das amostras analisadas, foram isolados fungos filamentosos (85,5%) e leveduriformes (14,5%). Foram identificados 13 gêneros de fungos, sendo os filamentosos mais frequentes Cladosporium spp. 33,0%, Aspergillus spp. 30,4% e Penicillium spp. 19,6% e os leveduriformes Candida spp. 52,6%, Trichosporon spp. 36,9%. A unidade formadora de colônia por metros cúbicos (UFC.m-3) não houve diferença entre os Núcleos no mesmo período de coleta, porém na 1ª e 3ª coleta, o Núcleo 1 apresentou maior média. A microbiota fúngica desta Unidade apresentou treze gêneros diferentes potencialmente patogênicos, mostra a necessidade de monitoramento dos microrganismos e ações de prevenção.

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          Permanent Stained Mycological Preparations Obtained by Slide Culture

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            Health Risks Associated with Exposure to Filamentous Fungi

            Filamentous fungi occur widely in the environment, contaminating soil, air, food and other substrates. Due to their wide distribution, they have medical and economic implications. Regardless of their use as a source of antibiotics, vitamins and raw materials for various industrially important chemicals, most fungi and filamentous fungi produce metabolites associated with a range of health risks, both in humans and in animals. The association of filamentous fungi and their metabolites to different negative health conditions in humans and animals, has contributed to the importance of investigating different health risks induced by this family of heterotrophs. This review aims to discuss health risks associated with commonly occurring filamentous fungal species which belong to genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, as well as evaluating their pathogenicity and mycotoxic properties.
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              A Five-Year Survey of Dematiaceous Fungi in a Tropical Hospital Reveals Potential Opportunistic Species

              Dematiaceous fungi (black fungi) are a heterogeneous group of fungi present in diverse environments worldwide. Many species in this group are known to cause allergic reactions and potentially fatal diseases in humans and animals, especially in tropical and subtropical climates. This study represents the first survey of dematiaceous fungi in Malaysia and provides observations on their diversity as well as in vitro response to antifungal drugs. Seventy-five strains isolated from various clinical specimens were identified by morphology as well as an internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based phylogenetic analysis. The combined molecular and conventional approach enabled the identification of three classes of the Ascomycota phylum and 16 genera, the most common being Cladosporium, Cochliobolus and Neoscytalidium. Several of the species identified have not been associated before with human infections. Among 8 antifungal agents tested, the azoles posaconazole (96%), voriconazole (90.7%), ketoconazole (86.7%) and itraconazole (85.3%) showed in vitro activity (MIC ≤1 µg/mL) to the largest number of strains, followed by anidulafungin (89.3%), caspofungin (74.7%) and amphotericin B (70.7%). Fluconazole appeared to be the least effective with only 10.7% of isolates showing in vitro susceptibility. Overall, almost half (45.3%) of the isolates showed reduced susceptibility (MIC >1 µg/mL) to at least one antifungal agent, and three strains (one Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis and two Nigrospora oryzae) showed potential multidrug resistance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjb
                Brazilian Journal of Biology
                Braz. J. Biol.
                Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (São Carlos, SP, Brazil )
                1519-6984
                1678-4375
                2023
                : 83
                : e272141
                Affiliations
                [01] Rio Branco Acre orgnameUniversidade Federal do Acre orgdiv1Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto Brazil
                [02] Rio Branco Acre orgnameUniversidade Federal do Acre orgdiv1Centro de Ciências de Biológicas e da Natureza Brazil
                [03] Cruzeiro do Sul Acre orgnameUniversidade Federal do Acre Brazil
                [04] Rio Branco Acre orgnameUniversidade Federal do Acre orgdiv1Colégio de Aplicação Brazil
                Article
                S1519-69842023000101000 S1519-6984(23)08300001000
                10.1590/1519-6984.272141
                069a87e9-3661-4b25-84e6-d4e793ad407d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 February 2023
                : 29 August 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                fungos filamentosos,monitoramento do ar,ICU,fungal infections,yeasts,UTI,infecções fúngicas,leveduras,filamentous fungi,air monitoring

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