Fatores associados ao aleitamento materno e desmame em Feira de Santana, Bahia

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Abstract

OBJETIVOS: conhecer a prevalência do aleitamento materno e os fatores associados ao desmame das crianças menores de um ano, em Feira de Santana, no ano 2001. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal com aplicação de questionários às 2319 mães presentes nas 44 (71,1%) unidades de vacinação selecionadas, por estratificação simples. Foi calculada a razão de prevalência e considerado como significante p < 0,05 e intervalo de 95% de confiança. RESULTADOS: a prevalência do aleitamento foi 69,2% nos menores de um ano. A ocorrência da amamentação exclusiva foi maior nas crianças que não usavam chupeta (49,4%) e que mamaram no primeiro dia de vida (40,4%). As variáveis estatisticamente significantes relacionadas com as maiores chances de amamentar foram: amamentação no primeiro dia (p <0,001), mães que não trabalhavam fora do lar (p <0,001), menor renda familiar (p <0,001), multiparidade (p = 0,03) e a não utilização de chupetas (p <0,001). CONCLUSÕES: as atividades assistenciais quanto à prevenção do desmame devem estar voltadas sobretudo para as mães que trabalham fora do lar, aquelas de maior renda familiar e primíparas. Quanto às crianças, para as que não foram aleitadas no peito no primeiro dia de vida e que usam chupetas.

Translated abstract

OBJECTIVES: to determine breast feeding prevalence and weaning associated factors in under one year old children in Feira de Santana in 2001. METHODS: cross sectional study with the use of questionnaires addressing 2319 mothers in 44 vaccination facilities; (71%) selected by simple stratification. Prevalence ratio was calculated with the following parameters: p < 0.05 considered significant with interval at 95%. RESULTS: breast feeding prevalence was 692% for under one year old children. Exclusive breast feeding was higher for children not using pacifiers (49.4%) who had been breast-fed in the first days of life (40.4%). Statistically significant variables with higher breast feeding chances were: babies who were breast-fed in the first day of life (p <0.001), mothers who were housewives (p <0.001), lower family income (p <0.001), multiparous mothers (p =0.03) and children not using pacifiers (p =0.000). CONCLUSIONS: assistance activities to prevent weaning should especially focus on mothers holding jobs away from home, those with higher family incomes and who are primaparous. As for the children the focus should be on the ones not breast-fed in the first day of life and/or using pacifiers.

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Most cited references 28

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Breastfeeding and the use of human milk.

Lawrence Gartner, Jane I. Morton, Ruth Lawrence … (2005)

Considerable advances have occurred in recent years in the scientific knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding, the mechanisms underlying these benefits, and in the clinical management of breastfeeding. This policy statement on breastfeeding replaces the 1997 policy statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics and reflects this newer knowledge and the supporting publications. The benefits of breastfeeding for the infant, the mother, and the community are summarized, and recommendations to guide the pediatrician and other health care professionals in assisting mothers in the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding for healthy term infants and high-risk infants are presented. The policy statement delineates various ways in which pediatricians can promote, protect, and support breastfeeding not only in their individual practices but also in the hospital, medical school, community, and nation.