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      • Record: found
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      Comparative nutritional and metabolic analysis reveals the taste variations during yellow rambutan fruit maturation

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          Highlights

          • •

            A unique yellow rambutan cultivar BY2 was firstly reported.

          • •

            Widely targeted metabolomics analysis was performed on BY2 rambutan.

          • •

            Organic acids and amino acids sharply decreased during maturation.

          • •

            3,4-Digalloylshikimic acid could be a potential taste biomarker.

          Abstract

          The metabolic reasons for rambutan taste variations during maturity are unknown. Here, we obtained a unique rambutan cultivar Baoyan No.2 (BY2) with a strong yellow pericarp and excellent taste, the sugar-acid ratios of which ranged from 21.7 to 94.5 during maturation. Widely targeted metabolomics analysis was performed to reveal the metabolic reasons behind these taste variations. The results showed that 51 metabolites were identified as common different metabolites (DMs), including 16 lipids, 12 amino acids and others. Among them, the abundance level of 3,4-digalloylshikimic acid exhibited a positive correlation with the titratable acids (R 2 = 0.9996) and a negative correlation with the sugar-acid ratio (R 2 = 0.9999). Therefore, it could be a taste biomarker of BY2 rambutan. Moreover, all DMs were enriched in “galactose metabolism”, “fructose and mannose metabolism” and “biosynthesis of amino acids” pathways, which predominantly accounted for the taste variation. Our findings provided new metabolic evidence for the taste variation of rambutan.

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          KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets

          Minoru Kanehisa, Susumu Goto, Yoko Sato … (2011)
          Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG, http://www.genome.jp/kegg/ or http://www.kegg.jp/) is a database resource that integrates genomic, chemical and systemic functional information. In particular, gene catalogs from completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of the cell, the organism and the ecosystem. Major efforts have been undertaken to manually create a knowledge base for such systemic functions by capturing and organizing experimental knowledge in computable forms; namely, in the forms of KEGG pathway maps, BRITE functional hierarchies and KEGG modules. Continuous efforts have also been made to develop and improve the cross-species annotation procedure for linking genomes to the molecular networks through the KEGG Orthology system. Here we report KEGG Mapper, a collection of tools for KEGG PATHWAY, BRITE and MODULE mapping, enabling integration and interpretation of large-scale data sets. We also report a variant of the KEGG mapping procedure to extend the knowledge base, where different types of data and knowledge, such as disease genes and drug targets, are integrated as part of the KEGG molecular networks. Finally, we describe recent enhancements to the KEGG content, especially the incorporation of disease and drug information used in practice and in society, to support translational bioinformatics.
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            Glutamate in plants: metabolism, regulation, and signalling.

            Ciarán G. Forde, Peter Lea (2006)
            Glutamate occupies a central position in amino acid metabolism in plants. The acidic amino acid is formed by the action of glutamate synthase, utilizing glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate. However, glutamate is also the substrate for the synthesis of glutamine from ammonia, catalysed by glutamine synthetase. The alpha-amino group of glutamate may be transferred to other amino acids by the action of a wide range of multispecific aminotransferases. In addition, both the carbon skeleton and alpha-amino group of glutamate form the basis for the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid, arginine, and proline. Finally, glutamate may be deaminated by glutamate dehydrogenase to form ammonia and 2-oxoglutarate. The possibility that the cellular concentrations of glutamate within the plant are homeostatically regulated by the combined action of these pathways is examined. Evidence that the well-known signalling properties of glutamate in animals may also extend to the plant kingdom is reviewed. The existence in plants of glutamate-activated ion channels and their possible relationship to the GLR gene family that is homologous to ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) in animals are discussed. Glutamate signalling is examined from an evolutionary perspective, and the roles it might play in plants, both in endogenous signalling pathways and in determining the capacity of the root to respond to sources of organic N in the soil, are considered.
            Article 0 comments Cited 125 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Comparative assessment of sugar and malic acid composition in cultivated and wild apples.

              Benhong Wu, Baiquan Ma, Jie Chen … (2015)
              Soluble sugar and malic acid contents in mature fruits of 364 apple accessions were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fructose and sucrose represented the major components of soluble sugars in cultivated fruits, whilst fructose and glucose were the major items of sugars in wild fruits. Wild fruits were significantly more acidic than cultivated fruits, whilst the average concentration of total sugars and sweetness index were quite similar between cultivated and wild fruits. Thus, our study suggests that fruit acidity rather than sweetness is likely to have undergone selection during apple domestication. Additionally, malic acid content was positively correlated with glucose content and negatively correlated with sucrose content. This suggests that selection of fruit acidity must have an effect on the proportion of sugar components in apple fruits. Our study provides information that could be helpful for future apple breeding.
              Article 0 comments Cited 60 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Zhe Chen
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Food Chem X
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Food Chem X
                Title: Food Chemistry: X
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2590-1575
                Publication date PMC-release: 19 January 2023
                Publication date Collection: 30 March 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 January 2023
                Volume: 17
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100580
                Affiliations
                [a ]Institute of Agro-products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Cold-chain of Hainan Province, Haikou 571100, China
                [b ]Sanya Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
                [c ]Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry of Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571100, China
                [d ]Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 570311, China
                [e ]Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology of Hainan Province, Haikou 571100, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan Province, China. chenzhe@ 123456hnaas.org.cn
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2590-1575(23)00022-6 Publisher ID: 100580
                DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100580
                PMC ID: 9944575
                PubMed ID: 36845499
                SO-VID: 062128c2-f51f-4efe-ba51-877c69b08297
                Copyright © © 2023 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 18 September 2022
                Date revision received : 27 December 2022
                Date accepted : 17 January 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: rambutan,nutrition,by2,maturation,widely targeted metabolomics
                Data availability:
                Keywords: rambutan, nutrition, by2, maturation, widely targeted metabolomics

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