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      Efecto de una fuente de alimento experimental sobre una asociación hormiga-hemiptero

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          Abstract

          Estudiamos la asociación entre el arbusto sin nectarios extraflorales (NEF) Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae), la hormiga Camponotus crassus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) y dos especies de membrácidos (Enchenopa spp., Hemiptera: Membracidae) productores de ambrosía, para determinar si las hormigas abandonarían a los membrácidos al ofrecerles experimentalmente una fuente de alimento considerablemente rica y abundante. El estudio se realizó en septiembre de 1999 en la Reserva Ecológica del Instituto Brasileiro de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE) (ca. 35 km al sur de Brasilia-DF, Brasil). Los resultados muestran que las hormigas fueron atraídas tanto al nectario experimental como a los membrácidos. Más aún, el número promedio de hormigas visitando a los nectarios experimentales fue significativamente mayor que el de las que visitaron a los membrácidos. Sin embargo, los membrácidos nunca fueron abandonados, lo que sugiere que las hormigas, a pesar de explotar una fuente abundante de alimento, no abandonan otras fuentes. Lo anterior puede explicarse por un incremento en la tasa de producción de ambrosía por los membrácidos, por lo que los niveles de atención de las hormigas hacia ellos no varía aún en la presencia de una fuente alternativa de alimento. Otra posibilidad puede ser la lealtad de las obreras por un recurso y su ubicación; algunos individuos retornan siempre a un sitio con una fuente de alimento. El poder demostrar que las hormigas cambian de recurso alimenticio basadas en cantidad y/o calidad, y no solamente basadas en la presencia o ausencia de los mismos, requiere de investigaciones futuras, tanto para plantas con como sin NEF.

          Translated abstract

          In order to assess if ants attracted to honeydew-producing Hemiptera switched food sources when offered an additional, considerably rich and abundant food source, we studied the interaction between the plant Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae), an efn-lacking shrub, the predominantly diurnal ant Camponotus crassus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and two species of membracids (Enchenopa spp.; Homoptera: Membracidae). The study was done during September of 1999 at the Reserva Ecológica of IBGE (ca. 35 km S of Brasilia-DF, Brasil). The results show that ants were attracted both to the experimental food source and to the membracids. Moreover, the mean number of ants visiting the experimental nectary was significantly higher than those visiting the membracids. However, the membracids were never left unattended, which suggests that ants, even though presented with an abundant and rich food source, do not abandon other sources. The latter can be explained due to an increment in the honeydew production rate by the membracids, thus the attention levels of ants does not vary Another possibility is the fidelity of worker ants to a food source and its location. To show that ants switch food sources based on quality and/or quantity, and not merely based of their presence and/or absence, requires future research, both for plants with and without extrafloral nectaries.

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          Ant-aphid mutualisms: the impact of honeydew production and honeydew sugar composition on ant preferences.

          The honeydew composition and production of four aphid species feeding on Tanacetum vulgare, and mutualistic relationships with the ant Lasius niger were studied. In honeydew of Metopeurum fuscoviride and Brachycaudus cardui, xylose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, melezitose, and raffinose were detected. The proportion of trisaccharides (melezitose, raffinose) ranged between 20% and 35%. No trisaccharides were found in honeydew of Aphis fabae, and honeydew of Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria consisted of only xylose, glucose and sucrose. M. fuscoviride produced by far the largest amounts of honeydew per time unit (880 μg/aphid per hour), followed by B. cardui (223 μg/aphid per hour), A. fabae (133 μg/aphid per hour) and M. tanacetaria (46 μg/aphid per hour). The qualitative and quantitative honeydew production of the aphid species corresponded well with the observed attendance by L. niger. L. niger workers preferred trisaccharides over disaccharides and monosaccharides when these sugars were offered in choice tests. The results are consistent with the ants' preference for M. fuscoviride, which produced the largest amount of honeydew including a considerable proportion of the trisaccharides melezitose and raffinose. The preference of L. niger for B. cardui over A. fabae, both producing similar amounts of honeydew, may be explained by the presence of trisaccharides and the higher total sugar concentration in B. cardui honeydew. M. tanacetaria, which produced only low quantities of honeydew with no trisaccharides was not attended at all by L. niger.
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            Preferences for sugars and amino acids and their conditionality in a diverse nectar-feeding ant community

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              COMPETITION FOR COMPOSITION: LESSONS FROM NECTAR-FEEDING ANT COMMUNITIES

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                azm
                Acta zoológica mexicana
                Acta Zool. Mex
                Instituto de Ecología A.C. (Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico )
                0065-1737
                2448-8445
                2006
                : 22
                : 3
                : 23-28
                Affiliations
                [02] Brasilia Distrito Federal orgnameUniversidade de Brasilia orgdiv1Departamento de Ecología Brasil morais@ 123456unb.br
                [01] Jalapa Veracruz orgnameInstituto de Ecología, A.C orgdiv1Departamento de Ecología Aplicada México ricogray@ 123456ecologia.edu.mx
                Article
                S0065-17372006000300003 S0065-1737(06)02200300003
                10.21829/azm.2006.2232021
                05a72bad-daf9-49d9-99bb-014b748cae66

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 April 2006
                : 02 September 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                extrafloral nectaries,Hemiptera,ant-plant interactions,nectarios extraflorales,interacciones hormiga-planta

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