Parents’ Initiation of Alcohol Drinking among Elementary and Kindergarten Students

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Abstract

Parental experience of initiation of alcohol drinking has been identified as one of the early causes of alcohol drinking in preadolescents in many countries, including Japan. This study identified the association between parental alcohol-related knowledge and the initiation of alcohol use among preadolescent students in an urban area in Japan. Self-administrated questionnaires were distributed to 420 parents of kindergarteners and elementary school students, of which 339 were filled and returned (response rate: 81%). The parents’ experience in initiating alcohol drinking in their children and their knowledge about the effects of alcohol on youth were explored. The requirements for drinking prevention programs for youth were also investigated. The result showed that a significantly higher proportion of parents of elementary school students had experiences of initiating alcohol use in their children compared to parents of kindergarten children. The parents’ knowledge regarding the effects of alcohol on youth showed no significant difference between the two parent groups. These data indicate that the age of children is the only factor as opposed to parents’ knowledge. We also found significant differences in the requirements of prevention programs between the two parent groups. The results of this study can contribute to the design of alcohol prevention programs for these parents, which could reduce the onset of children’s drinking.

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Most cited references 41

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Global burden of disease in young people aged 10-24 years: a systematic analysis.

Fiona M Gore, Paul J N Bloem, George C Patton … (2011)

Young people aged 10-24 years represent 27% of the world's population. Although important health problems and risk factors for disease in later life emerge in these years, the contribution to the global burden of disease is unknown. We describe the global burden of disease arising in young people and the contribution of risk factors to that burden. We used data from WHO's 2004 Global Burden of Disease study. Cause-specific disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for young people aged 10-24 years were estimated by WHO region on the basis of available data for incidence, prevalence, severity, and mortality. WHO member states were classified into low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries, and into WHO regions. We estimated DALYs attributable to specific global health risk factors using the comparative risk assessment method. DALYs were divided into years of life lost because of premature mortality (YLLs) and years lost because of disability (YLDs), and are presented for regions by sex and by 5-year age groups. The total number of incident DALYs in those aged 10-24 years was about 236 million, representing 15·5% of total DALYs for all age groups. Africa had the highest rate of DALYs for this age group, which was 2·5 times greater than in high-income countries (208 vs 82 DALYs per 1000 population). Across regions, DALY rates were 12% higher in girls than in boys between 15 and 19 years (137 vs 153). Worldwide, the three main causes of YLDs for 10-24-year-olds were neuropsychiatric disorders (45%), unintentional injuries (12%), and infectious and parasitic diseases (10%). The main risk factors for incident DALYs in 10-24-year-olds were alcohol (7% of DALYs), unsafe sex (4%), iron deficiency (3%), lack of contraception (2%), and illicit drug use (2%). The health of young people has been largely neglected in global public health because this age group is perceived as healthy. However, opportunities for prevention of disease and injury in this age group are not fully exploited. The findings from this study suggest that adolescent health would benefit from increased public health attention. None. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Age of drinking onset and unintentional injury involvement after drinking.

R W Hingson, J Howland, A Jamanka … (2000)

In 1997, unintentional injury was the leading cause of death for persons aged 1 to 34 years. Approximately one third of deaths due to unintentional injury in the United States are estimated to be alcohol related. Onset of drinking at an early age has been found to be associated with alcohol dependence, but whether early-onset drinking increases risk for unintentional injury while drinking is unknown. To explore whether persons who started drinking at an early age are more likely to have experienced unintentional injuries while under the influence of alcohol. The National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiology Survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 1992 of a representative sample of the US population. A total of 42,862 randomly selected adults (response rate, 90%; mean age, 44 years). Unintentional injury involvement while under the influence of alcohol by age of drinking onset (categorized as /=21 years). Relative to respondents who began drinking at age 21 years or older, those who started before age 14 years as well as those who started at each intervening age up to 21 years were significantly more likely to have been injured while under the influence of alcohol, even after controlling for history of alcohol dependence, heavy drinking frequency during the period that they drank most, family history of alcoholism, and other characteristics associated with earlier onset of drinking. After adjusting for these variables, odds ratios for having been injured while under the influence of alcohol were as follows: for younger than 14 years, 2.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29-3.89); age 14 years, 2.96 (95% CI, 2.26-3.88); age 15 years, 3.14 (95% CI, 2.48-3.97); age 16 years, 2.38 (95% CI, 1.90-2.98); age 17 years, 2.12 (95% CI, 1.66-2.71); age 18 years, 1. 33 (95% CI, 1.08-1.64); age 19 years, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.07-1.89); and age 20 years, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.01-1.91). Drinking onset at ages younger than 21 years is associated with having experienced alcohol-related injuries. JAMA. 2000;284:1527-1533

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Parenting mechanisms in links between parents' and adolescents' alcohol use behaviors.

Felicity R. A. J. Rose, Shawn J. Latendresse, Jaakko Kaprio … (2008)

Adolescence has been identified as a critical period with regard to the initiation and early escalation of alcohol use. Moreover, research on familial risk and protective processes provides independent support for multiple domains of parental influence on adolescent drinking; including parents' own drinking behaviors, as well as the practices they employ to socialize their children. Despite this prevalence of findings, whether and how these distinct associations are related to one another is still not entirely clear. The present study used data from 4,731 adolescents and their parents to test the nature of associations between (a) parents' frequencies of alcohol use and intoxication, and lifetime alcohol-related problems, (b) adolescents' perceptions of the parenting that they receive, and (c) adolescents' prevalence of alcohol use and intoxication at 14 and 17(1/2) years of age. As such, multiple mediation modeling was used to assess whether parental alcohol use behaviors influence adolescent alcohol use directly, or if they operate through indirect associations with various aspects of parenting that subsequently influence adolescent use. Examination of simple associations demonstrated that maternal and paternal alcohol use behaviors were positively linked with adolescent use behaviors at 14 and 17(1/2) years of age. Likewise, several parenting behaviors were independently associated with both parental and adolescent drinking. Examined collectively, multivariate path analyses indicated that associations between parents' and adolescents' alcohol-related behaviors were mediated, in part, by adolescents' perceptions of the parenting that they received, especially at 14 years of age. Furthermore, perceived parental monitoring and discipline had unique mediating capabilities, net the effects of all other parenting behaviors. This study demonstrates that parenting is an important mediator of the association between parental and adolescent drinking practices. An important area for future research will be to study how adolescents can avoid alcohol-related problems despite being reared within a risk laden parenting environment and/or having parents who drink frequently.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Laura Simons: Role: Academic Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Children (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Children (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): children

Title: Children

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2227-9067

Publication date (Electronic): 27 March 2021

Publication date Collection: April 2021

Volume: 8

Issue: 4

Electronic Location Identifier: 258

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Nursing, Yokohama Soei University, Yokoyama 226-0015, Japan; etokaguko@ 123456yahoo.co.jp

[2 ]Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan

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[* ]Correspondence: mshrsgmt@ 123456tokyo-med.ac.jp ; Tel.: +81-3-3351-6141

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Masahiro Sugimoto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3316-2543

Article

Publisher ID: children-08-00258

DOI: 10.3390/children8040258

PMC ID: 8066751

PubMed ID: 33801717

SO-VID: 0525bab2-9b1d-4295-8f07-93ab1a881e96

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Parents’ Initiation of Alcohol Drinking among Elementary and Kindergarten Students

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Most cited references 41

Global burden of disease in young people aged 10-24 years: a systematic analysis.

Age of drinking onset and unintentional injury involvement after drinking.

Parenting mechanisms in links between parents' and adolescents' alcohol use behaviors.

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